Proto-socialists

Genevan philosopher, writer, and composer (1712-1778)

English statesman, lawyer and philosopher (1478–1535)

Spartacus (; ) was a Thracian gladiator who was one of the escaped slave leaders in the Third Servile War, a major slave uprising against the Roman Republic.

English theologian and early dissident in the Roman Catholic Church

Italian philosopher, theologian, astrologer, and poet (1568-1639)

French utopian socialist and philosopher (1772–1837)

French political agitator and journalist (1760-1797)

Companion of Muhammad (died 652)

9th-century Iranian revolutionary leader

Mazdak (, , also known as Mazdak Bamdadan; died c. 524 or 528) was an Iranian mobad (priest) and social reformer who rose to prominence during the reign of the Sasanian emperor Kavadh I. He instituted a religious and social movement known as Mazdakism, which preached a dualistic cosmology and social welfare programs, including the communal ownership of property and, controversially, women (interpreted by some scholars as a reaction against the harem system).

French philosopher, historian, and writer (1709–1785)

French theologian

English rebel and priest (1338-1381)

French priest and revolutionary (1752-1794)

French writer and philosopher (1750-1803)

French philosopher (1717–1778)

The Diggers were a group of religious and political dissidents in England, associated with a political ideology and programme resembling what would later be called agrarian socialism. Gerrard Winstanley and William Everard, amongst many others, were known as True Levellers in 1649, in reference to their split from the Levellers, and later became known as Diggers because of their attempts to farm on common land. Due to this and to their beliefs, the Diggers were driven from one county after another by the authorities.

English reformer and activist (1609-1676)

English political activist (1614-1657)

Indian poet

French writer