John Wycliffe
Sign in to saveEnglish theologian and early dissident in the Roman Catholic Church
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John Wycliffe was an English theologian in the late medieval period who challenged key teachings and practices of the Roman Catholic Church. His ideas about Church authority and reform were influential early steps toward the Protestant movement that would reshape Christianity centuries later.
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John Wycliffe (/ˈwɪklɪf/; also spelled Wyclif, Wickliffe, Wicklyf etc.; c. 1328 – 31 December 1384) was an English scholastic philosopher, Christian reformer, Catholic priest, and a theology professor at the University of Oxford. Wycliffe is traditionally believed to have advocated for or made a vernacular translation of the Vulgate Bible into Middle English, though more recent scholarship has minimised the extent of his advocacy or involvement for lack of direct contemporary evidence.
He became an influential dissident within the Catholic priesthood during the 14th century and his ideas are often considered an important predecessor to Protestantism. His political-theological theory of dominion meant that the church was not allowed to own property or have ecclesiastic courts, and men in mortal sin were not entitled to exercise authority in the church or state, nor to own property. Wycliffe insisted on the radical poverty of all clergy.