Radiation health effects

thumb|Three major single-chromosome mutations: deletion (genetics)|deletion (1), duplication (2) and inversion (3).

therapy using ionizing radiation

radiation that carries enough energy to liberate electrons from atoms or molecules

The sievert (symbol: Sv) is a derived unit in the International System of Units (SI) intended to represent the stochastic health risk of ionizing radiation, which is defined as the probability of causing radiation-induced cancer and genetic damage. The sievert is important in dosimetry and radiation protection. It is named after Rolf Maximilian Sievert, a Swedish medical physicist renowned for work on radiation dose measurement and research into the biological effects of radiation.

A blister is a small pocket of body fluid (lymph, serum, plasma, blood, or pus) within the upper layers of the skin, usually caused by forceful rubbing (friction), burning, freezing, chemical exposure or infection. Most blisters are filled with a clear fluid, either serum or plasma. However, blisters can be filled with blood (known as "blood blisters") or with pus (for instance, if they become infected).

A carcinogen () is any agent that promotes the development of cancer. Carcinogens can include synthetic chemicals, naturally occurring substances, physical agents such as ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, and biologic agents such as viruses and bacteria. Most carcinogens act by creating mutations in DNA that disrupt a cell's normal processes for regulating growth, leading to uncontrolled cellular proliferation. This occurs when the cell's DNA repair processes fail to identify DNA damage allowing the defect to be passed down to daughter cells. The damage accumulates over time. This is typica

health problems caused by exposure to very high levels of ionizing radiation

state where most or all of hair from the head has been lost or intentionally removed

thumb|The Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals|international pictogram for chemicals that are sensitising, mutagenic, [[carcinogenic or toxic to reproduction]]

Radiobiology (also known as radiation biology, and uncommonly as actinobiology) is a field of clinical and basic medical sciences that involves the study of the effects of radiation on living tissue (including ionizing and non-ionizing radiation), in particular health effects of radiation.

right|thumb|A hibakusha of Hiroshima with symptomatic nuclear burns; the pattern on her skin is from the kimono she was wearing at the moment of the flash. '''''''''' ( or ; or ; or ) is a word of Japanese origin generally designating the people affected by the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki by the United States at the end of World War II.

Teratology is the study of abnormalities of physiological development in organisms during their life span. It is a sub-discipline in medical genetics which focuses on the classification of congenital abnormalities in dysmorphology caused by teratogens and also in pharmacology and toxicology.

residual radioactive material following a nuclear blast

Keloid, also known as keloid disorder and keloidal scar, is the formation of a type of scar which, depending on its maturity, is composed mainly of either type III (early) or type I (late) collagen. It is a result of an overgrowth of granulation tissue (collagen type III) at the site of a healed skin injury, which is then slowly replaced by collagen type I. Keloids are firm, rubbery lesions or shiny, fibrous nodules, and can vary from pink to the color of the person's skin or red to dark brown. A keloid scar is benign and not contagious, but sometimes accompanied by severe itchiness, pain, and

Erythema (, ) is redness of the skin or mucous membranes, caused by hyperemia (increased blood flow) in superficial capillaries. It occurs with any skin injury, infection, or inflammation. Examples of erythema not associated with pathology include nervous blushes.

sensitivity to electromagnetic fields

thumb|150px|right|Cancers and tumors are caused by a series of mutations. Each mutation alters the behavior of the cell somewhat. Carcinogenesis, also called oncogenesis or tumorigenesis, is the formation of a cancer, whereby normal cells are transformed into cancer cells. The process is characterized by changes at the cellular, genetic, and epigenetic levels and abnormal cell division. Cell division is a physiological process that occurs in almost all tissues and under a variety of circumstances. Normally, the balance between proliferation and programmed cell death, in the form of apoptosis,

protection of man and the environment against the harmful effects of ionizing radiation

unit of measurement; equals 1 centisievert

complete or nearly complete annihilation of human life through the use of nuclear weapons

civil and military force sent to deal with the aftermath of the Chernobyl disaster

measure of the cancer risk to an organism due to ionizing radiation adjusted by tissue type factor

nerve which originates in the sacral spinal cord

Russian scientist involved in an accident with a particle accelerator

health effects of radiation on living organisms

the last 50 workers of the Fukushima power plant

thickness of an attenuating layer which reduces the value of a quantity to half of its initial value

organization of the UN

Radioresistance is the level of ionizing radiation that organisms are able to withstand.

branch of physics around radiation protection

effects of radiation released from the Fukushima nuclear accident

model predicting health effects of radiation

Type of mutation

a ratio of radiation dosages required to produce the same change

sum of all radiation over a time period

Radiosensitivity is the relative susceptibility of cells, tissues, organs or organisms to the harmful effect of ionizing radiation.

medical incident in Israel, 1948–1960

tumors, cancer or other neoplasms produced by exposure to ionizing or non-ionizing radiation

overview about the effects of the Chernoby disaster

fluoroscope

overview of the topic

measurement of radioactivity within the human body

Downwinders were individuals and communities, in the United States, in the intermountain West between the Cascade and Rocky Mountain ranges primarily in Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah but also in Oregon, Washington, and Idaho who were exposed to radioactive contamination or nuclear fallout from atmospheric or underground nuclear weapons testing, and nuclear accidents. Although, when the term first originated, it mainly referred to the affected peoples near the Nevada Test Site (NTS), but the label has since expanded to include people experiencing negative effects of radiation in places