Radiobiology

therapy using ionizing radiation

radiation that carries enough energy to liberate electrons from atoms or molecules

The sievert (symbol: Sv) is a derived unit in the International System of Units (SI) intended to represent the stochastic health risk of ionizing radiation, which is defined as the probability of causing radiation-induced cancer and genetic damage. The sievert is important in dosimetry and radiation protection. It is named after Rolf Maximilian Sievert, a Swedish medical physicist renowned for work on radiation dose measurement and research into the biological effects of radiation.

American biologist (1890–1967)

chemical compound

health problems caused by exposure to very high levels of ionizing radiation

Radiobiology (also known as radiation biology, and uncommonly as actinobiology) is a field of clinical and basic medical sciences that involves the study of the effects of radiation on living tissue (including ionizing and non-ionizing radiation), in particular health effects of radiation.

presence of radioactive substances where they are undesirable

residual radioactive material following a nuclear blast

dose quantity which is the measure of the energy deposited in matter by ionizing radiation per mass

absorbed dose of ionizing radiation weighted with the quality factor

process of treating food and other consumer products with gamma rays, x-rays, or high voltage electrons to kill potential harmful bacteria

rate at which energy is absorbed by the human body when exposed to electromagnetic field

protection of man and the environment against the harmful effects of ionizing radiation

nuclear medicine tomographic imaging technique

unit of measurement; equals 1 centisievert

enclosed space specially designed to protect occupants from radioactive debris or fallout

Radiosurgery is surgery using radiation, that is, the destruction of precisely selected areas of tissue using ionizing radiation rather than excision with a blade. Like other forms of radiation therapy (also called radiotherapy), it is usually used to treat cancer. Radiosurgery was originally defined by the Swedish neurosurgeon Lars Leksell as "a single high dose fraction of radiation, stereotactically directed to an intracranial region of interest".

A radioimmunoassay (RIA) is an immunoassay that uses radiolabeled molecules in a stepwise formation of immune complexes. A RIA is a very sensitive in vitro assay technique used to measure concentrations of substances, usually measuring antigen concentrations (for example, hormone levels in blood) by use of antibodies.

health Phenomenon

thumb|Autoradiography of a coronal brain slice, taken from an embryonal rat. GAD67-binding marker is highly expressed in the [[subventricular zone.]] An autoradiograph is an image on an X-ray film or nuclear emulsion produced by the pattern of decay emissions (e.g., beta particles or gamma rays) from a distribution of a radioactive substance. Alternatively, the autoradiograph is also available as a digital image (digital autoradiography), due to the recent development of scintillation gas detectors or rare-earth phosphorimaging systems. The film or emulsion is apposed to the labeled tissue sec

thumb|Hormesis is a biological phenomenon wherein an organism that is exposed to a known harmful stressor has an adaptive response that may be beneficial to the organism Hormesis is a two-phased dose-response relationship whereby low-dose exposures have a beneficial effect and high-dose amounts are either inhibitory to function or toxic. Within the hormetic zone, the biological response to low-dose amounts of some stressors is generally favorable. An example is the breathing of oxygen, which is needed in certain concentrations for respiration in aerobic animals. Exposure to elevated levels of

thumb|Joanna Izewska gives Ambassador Frank Recker and his delegation a tour of the IAEA Dosimetry Laboratory. Radiation dosimetry in the fields of health physics and radiation protection is the measurement, calculation and assessment of the ionizing radiation dose absorbed by an object, usually the human body. This applies both internally, due to ingested or inhaled radioactive substances, or externally due to irradiation by sources of radiation.

chemical compound

measure of the cancer risk to an organism due to ionizing radiation adjusted by tissue type factor

Bioelectromagnetics, also known as bioelectromagnetism, is a branch of science studying the interaction between electromagnetic fields and biological entities. Areas of study include electromagnetic fields produced by living cells, tissues or organisms, the effects of man-made sources of electromagnetic fields like mobile phones, and the application of electromagnetic radiation toward therapies for the treatment of various conditions.

Irradiation is the process by which an object is exposed to radiation. An irradiator is a device used to expose an object to radiation, most often gamma radiation, for a variety of purposes. Irradiators may be used for sterilizing medical and pharmaceutical supplies, preserving foodstuffs, alteration of gemstone colors, studying radiation effects, eradicating insects through sterile male release programs, or calibrating thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs).

Form of warfare involving radiation poisoning

health effects of radiation on living organisms

product of nuclear fission

nonsurgical therapeutic modality for treating locally invasive malignant tumors

measure for the energy lost by charged particles per traversed distance, including only interactions up to a given energy

disinfection method that uses short-wavelength ultraviolet light to kill or inactivate microorganisms

Radioresistance is the level of ionizing radiation that organisms are able to withstand.

fungus which apparently metabolizes ionizing radiation

Magnetobiology is the study of biological effects of mainly weak static and low-frequency magnetic fields, which do not cause heating of tissues. Magnetobiological effects have unique features that obviously distinguish them from thermal effects; often they are observed for alternating magnetic fields just in separate frequency and amplitude intervals. Also, they are dependent of simultaneously present static magnetic or electric fields and their polarization.

model predicting health effects of radiation

a tablet to prevent the accumulation of radioactive material in the body

Radiopharmacology is radiochemistry applied to medicine and thus the pharmacology of radiopharmaceuticals (medicinal radiocompounds, that is, pharmaceutical drugs that are radioactive). Radiopharmaceuticals are used in the field of nuclear medicine as radioactive tracers in medical imaging and in therapy for many diseases (for example, brachytherapy). Many radiopharmaceuticals use technetium-99m (Tc-99m) which has many useful properties as a gamma-emitting tracer nuclide. In the book Technetium a total of 31 different radiopharmaceuticals based on Tc-99m are listed for imaging and functional s

American medical researcher (1907–1957)

Radiosensitivity is the relative susceptibility of cells, tissues, organs or organisms to the harmful effect of ionizing radiation.

metabolism of ionizing radiation by living organisms

Iodine-125 (125I) is a radioisotope of iodine which has uses in biological assays, nuclear medicine imaging and in radiation therapy as brachytherapy to treat a number of conditions, including prostate cancer, uveal melanomas, and brain tumors. It is the second longest-lived radioisotope of iodine, after iodine-129.

Radappertization is a form of food irradiation which applies a dose of ionizing radiation sufficient to reduce the number and activity of viable microorganisms to such an extent that very few, if any, are detectable in the treated food by any recognized method (viruses being excepted).

form of radiotherapy

Critical radionuclides for the long-term safety of nuclear waste repositories

phenomenon in which unirradiated cells exhibit irradiated effects as a result of signals received from nearby irradiated cells

measurement of radiation dose or radionuclide contamination for reasons related to the assessment or control of exposure to radiation or radioactive substances, and the interpretation of the results

an early counterexample to linear-effect assumptions about radiation exposure