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Hermann Joseph Muller was an American biologist who discovered that X-rays could cause mutations in genes, fundamentally changing our understanding of how genetic material works. This discovery was important because it showed that mutations could be artificially induced and helped establish the field of modern genetics.
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Hermann Joseph Muller (December 21, 1890 – April 5, 1967) was an American geneticist who was awarded the 1946 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for the discovery of the production of mutations by means of X-ray irradiation". Muller warned of long-term dangers of radioactive fallout from nuclear war and nuclear testing, which resulted in greater public scrutiny of these practices.
Early life