Rhetoric

using an acronym followed by one of the words composing that acronym

Polyptoton is the stylistic scheme in which different words derived from the same root (such as "strong" and "strength") are used together. A related stylistic device is antanaclasis, in which the same word is repeated, but each time with a different sense. Another related term is figura etymologica.

in linguistics, information that is expressed more than once

in philosophy or rhetoric, the principle that one should interpret a speaker's statements in the most rational way possible and, in the case of any argument, considering its best, strongest possible interpretation

A trilemma is a difficult choice from three options, each of which is (or appears) unacceptable or unfavourable. There are two logically equivalent ways in which to express a trilemma: it can be expressed as a choice among three unfavourable options, one of which must be chosen, or as a choice among three favourable options, only two of which are possible at the same time.

themes, catchphrases, and slogans that have been used against homosexuality or other non-heterosexual sexual orientations and to demean lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people

Tmesis is either the dividing of a word into two parts, with another word inserted between those parts, thus forming a compound word, or, in a broader sense, a set phrase, such as a phrasal verb, with one or more words interpolated within, thus creating a separate phrase.

finger gesture indicating quotation marks

right|thumb|300px|Poetry reading by Horace, an early advocate of decorum. Painting by Fyodor Bronnikov Decorum (from the Latin: "right, proper") was a principle of classical rhetoric, poetry, and theatrical theory concerning the fitness or otherwise of a style to a theatrical subject. The concept of decorum is also applied to prescribed limits of appropriate social behavior within set situations.

form of incorrect argument in natural language

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Declamation (from the Latin: declamatio) is an artistic form of public speaking. It is a dramatic oration designed to express through articulation, emphasis and gesture the full sense of the text being conveyed.

A prosopopoeia (, ) is a rhetorical device in which a non-human element speaks or is spoken to as a human. The term derives from the Greek words () and ().

Italian Renaissance humanist

Procatalepsis, also called prolepsis or prebuttal, is a figure of speech in which the speaker raises an objection to their own argument and then immediately answers it. By doing so, the speaker hopes to strengthen the argument by dealing with possible counterarguments before the audience can raise them.

thumb|Ronove as depicted in the Dictionnaire Infernal

collection of twelve ancient Roman panegyric orations

Sardonicism is form of wit or humour with a degree of cynicism or disdainfulness. It is more biting and negative than sarcasm, yet not entirely malicious. A sardonic person might participate in funny yet scornful mocking, or express uncomfortable truth in a clever way. The style of expression can be both spoken and written, and is featured in a literary genre.

thumb|"An accomplished elocutionist", an illustration of elocutionist performing an open-air recitation, published in The Strand Magazine in 1891|alt=A man in a hat recites with his hand raised upwards. Two children watch.

act of extending thoughts or statements to increase rhetorical effect

work by Pseudo-Longinus

history of Roman oratory by Cicero

book by Publius Cornelius Tacitus

Description is any type of communication that aims to make vivid a place, object, person, group, or other physical entity. It is one of four rhetorical modes (also known as modes of discourse), along with exposition, argumentation, and narration.

central category of dialectics, said to be related to non-duality in a deep sense

rhetorical work by Cicero

grammatically optional part inserted into a passage

ancient Greek rhetorical tendency in the 3rd century BCE

language that uses vague, ambiguous, abstract or pompous words in order to divert attention from the salient issues

humiliation techniques

art of composition and style; manual of composition

German-language debating competition for students

thumb|The Jeremiah (prophet)|prophet Jeremiah lamenting the fall of [[Jerusalem, engraving by Gustave Doré, 1866]] A jeremiad is a long literary work, usually in prose, but sometimes in verse, in which the author bitterly laments the state of society and its morals in a serious tone of sustained invective, and always contains a prophecy of society's imminent downfall.

professional legal speechwriter

The epideictic oratory, also called ceremonial oratory or praise-and-blame rhetoric, is one of the three branches, or "species" (eidē), of rhetoric, as outlined in Aristotle's Rhetoric, to be used to praise or blame, during ceremonies.

Medieval artistic and literary topos

An aretalogy (), from ἀρετή (aretḗ, “virtue”) + -logy,or aretology (from ancient Greek aretê, "excellence, virtue") in the strictest sense is a narrative about a divine figure's miraculous deeds where a deity's attributes are listed, in the form of poem or text, in the first person. The equivalent term in Sanskrit is ātmastuti. There is no evidence that these narratives constituted a clearly defined genre but there exists a body of literature that contained praise for divine miracles. These literary works were usually associated with eastern cults.

'''' (literally good human in German) is an ironic, sarcastic or disparaging cultural term similar to the English do-gooder. Those who use the term are implying that Gutmenschen have an overwhelming wish to be good and eagerly seek approval—further suggesting a supposed moralising and proselytising behaviour and being dogmatic, while prioritizing "right" and "correct" attitude or sentiment (Ultimate end, ethics of moral conviction) over responsible, balanced, rational and reflected decisions (ethics of responsibility). In political rhetoric Gutmensch'' is used as a polemic term.

Euphuism is an elegant literary style that was briefly in fashion during the Elizabethan era. The euphuism style employed the frequent use of alliteration, antithesis, balance, and simile, with references to nature and mythological tales. Euphuism was fashionable in the 1580s, especially in the Elizabethan court. Its origins can be traced back to Spanish writer Antonio de Guevara, whose ornate, manierist courtesan prose became very popular throughout Europe, and whose work The Clock of the Princes, translated into English in 1557 by Thomas North, reached its peak in popularity during Elizabeth

thumb|A bust of Julius Caesar|Caesar in the [[Altes Museum, Berlin.]] The Anticato (sometimes Anti-Cato; Latin: Anticatones) is a lost polemic written by Julius Caesar in hostile reply to Cicero's pamphlet praising Cato the Younger. The text is lost and survives only in fragments. Brutus, dissatisfied with Cicero's work, wrote a second pamphlet in praise of Cato and called, simply, "Cato", which provoked a reply from Octavian. Octavian's work is not known to have been called "Anticato", but must have been modeled on Caesar's reply to Cicero.

Invective (from Middle English invectif, or Old French and Late Latin invectus) is abusive, or insulting language used to express blame or censure; or, a form of rude expression or discourse intended to offend or hurt; vituperation, or deeply seated ill will, vitriol. The Latin adjective invectivus means 'scolding.'

thumb|"No, I swear, I'm not telling you this to flatter you, you have a true friend like no other. I will tell you that if you don't know it, you are the only one. Mme Verdurin was telling me this again on the last day ()", Marcel Proust, Du côté de chez Swann.

In literature and the arts, bathos ( ; ,  "depth") is the use of a lofty, elegant, or elevated style to present silly, vulgar, or trivial subject-matter, or a sudden transition from the former to the latter, thereby creating a ludicrous or comedic effect. Nowadays, bathos can refer to such usage occurring either accidentally (through artistic ineptitude) or intentionally as a rhetorical device (usually for the sake of comedy). Originally, it referred to an amusingly failed attempt at presenting artistic greatness and was first used in this sense in Alexander Pope's 1727 essay "Peri Bathou

quotation marks used to indicate non-standard usage

Ecphonesis () is an emotional, exclamatory phrase (exclamation) used in poetry, drama, or song. It is a rhetorical device that originated in ancient literature.

The chreia or chria () was, in antiquity and the Byzantine Empire, both a genre of literature and one of the progymnasmata.

Egyptian poet, lawyer, civic administrator

A platitude is a statement that is seen as trite, meaningless, or prosaic, aimed at quelling social, emotional, or cognitive unease. The statement may be true, but its meaning has been lost due to its excessive use as a thought-terminating cliché.

thumb|La Palice's epitaph, which lead to this figure of speech. A lapalissade is an obvious truth—i.e. a truism or tautology—which produces a comical effect. It is derived from the name Jacques de la Palice, and the word is used in several languages.

political concept

book by Giambattista Vico

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'''''' is the system used for the organization of arguments in the context of Western classical rhetoric. The word is Latin, and can be translated as "organization" or "arrangement".

attacking an opponent's inherent identity rather than their arguments

treatise traditionally attributed to Aristotle, but actually by Anaximenes of Lampsacus

introduction of a distracting topic

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The consolatio or consolatory oration is a type of ceremonial oratory, typically used rhetorically to comfort mourners at funerals. It was one of the most popular classical rhetoric topics, and received new impetus under Renaissance humanism.