Roman-era students in Athens

Marcus Tullius Cicero ( , ; 3 January 106 BC – 7 December 43 BC) was a Roman statesman, lawyer, scholar, philosopher, orator, and writer who tried to uphold principles during the political crises of the Roman Republic that led to the establishment of the Roman Empire. The extensive writings of Cicero include treatises on rhetoric, philosophy, and politics. He is considered one of Rome's greatest orators and prose stylists and the innovator of what became known as "Ciceronian rhetoric". Cicero was educated in Rome and in Greece. He came from a wealthy municipal () family of the Roman

last Pagan Roman emperor, reigned 361 to 363

4th-century Christian bishop, theologian, and saint (329–379)

Christian saint and theologian (c. 329 – 390)

Roman scholar, polymath and author (116–27 BC)

3rd-century Greek Neoplatonist philosopher

Posidonius (; , "of Poseidon") "of Apameia" () or "of Rhodes" () (), was a Greek politician, astronomer, astrologer, geographer, historian, mathematician, and teacher native to Apamea, Syria. He was considered the most learned man of his time and, possibly, of the entire Stoic school. After a period learning Stoic philosophy from Panaetius in Athens, he spent many years in travel and scientific researches in Spain, Africa, Italy, Gaul, Liguria, Sicily and on the eastern shores of the Adriatic. He settled as a teacher at Rhodes where his fame attracted numerous scholars. Next to Panaetius he di

2nd century Roman author and grammarian

Libanius (; ) was a teacher of rhetoric of the Sophist school in the Eastern Roman Empire. His prolific writings make him one of the best documented teachers of higher education in the ancient world and a critical source of history of the Greek East during the 4th century AD. During the rise of Christian hegemony in the later Roman Empire, he remained unconverted and in religious matters was a pagan Hellene.

2nd-3rd century Greek peripatetic philosopher and commentator on Aristotle

thumb|Title page of the Vitae sophistarum of Eunapius, in Greek and Latin, 1596 Eunapius (; c. 347 – c. 420) was a Greek sophist, rhetorician, and historian from Sardis in the region of Lydia in Asia Minor. His principal surviving work is the Lives of Philosophers and Sophists (; ), a collection of the biographies of 24 philosophers and sophists.

Philodemus of Gadara (, Philodēmos, "love of the people"; – prob. or 35 BC) was an Epicurean philosopher and poet. He studied under Zeno of Sidon in Athens, before moving to Rome, and then to Herculaneum. He was once known chiefly for his poetry preserved in the Greek Anthology, but since the 18th century, many writings of his have been discovered among the charred papyrus rolls at the Villa of the Papyri at Herculaneum. The task of excavating and deciphering these rolls is difficult, and work continues to this day. The works of Philodemus so far discovered include writings on ethics, theology

Roman banker, writer and philosopher (c.110 BC – 32 BC)

2nd century Greek rhetorician and author

brother of Marcus Tullius Cicero

5th-century Greek philosopher

Ancient Roman statesman and general

Aedesia () was a philosopher of the Neoplatonic school who lived in Alexandria in the fifth century AD. She was a relation of Syrianus and the wife of Hermias, and was equally celebrated for her beauty and her virtues. After the death of her husband, she devoted herself to relieving the wants of the distressed and the education of her children, Ammonius and Heliodorus. She accompanied the latter to Athens, where they went to study philosophy, and was received with great distinction by all the philosophers there, and especially by Proclus, to whom she had been betrothed by Syrianus, when she wa

politician

5th-century Greek philosopher and writer

late-antique Greek-language historian

Greek philosopher

Roman consul in 30 B.C., son of the famous orator

Himerius (; c. 315 – c. 386) was a Greek sophist and rhetorician. 24 of his orations have reached us complete, and fragments of 12 others survive.

Roman philosopher

ancient Greek philosopher and astronomer

politician and philosopher

ancient Greek rhetorician

ancient Greek rhetorician