File:Bust_of_Cicero_(1st-cent._BC)_-_Palazzo_Nuovo_-_Musei_Capitolini_-_Rome_2016.jpg · Wikimedia Commons · See Wikimedia Commons

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Cicero

Also known as Marcus Tullius Cicero, M. Tullii Ciceronis, M. Tullius Cicero, Tully

Marcus Tullius Cicero ( , ; 3 January 106 BC – 7 December 43 BC) was a Roman statesman, lawyer, scholar, philosopher, orator, and writer who tried to uphold principles during the political crises of the Roman Republic that led to the establishment of the Roman Empire. The extensive writings of Cicero include treatises on rhetoric, philosophy, and politics. He is considered one of Rome's greatest orators and prose stylists and the innovator of what became known as "Ciceronian rhetoric". Cicero was educated in Rome and in Greece. He came from a wealthy municipal () family of the Roman

OverviewAI-generated

Cicero was a human philosopher, poet, jurist, and writer from Ancient Rome. Born in Arpino in 106 BCE, he held positions as quaestor, praetor, Roman consul, and augur. He was a member of the optimates political party and studied under Antiochus of Ascalon, Philo of Larissa, Apollonius Molon, and Lucius Aelius Stilo Praeconinus. His notable works include De Oratore, De re publica, De legibus, and De Officiis.

He spoke Latin and Ancient Greek and had children named Cicero Minor and Tullia. His spouses were Terentia and Publilia. Cicero died in Formia in 43 BCE by decapitation, a homicide. He is described in sources such as the Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary and the Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition.

Synthesized by Vinony from 38 facts across 8 sources: Wikidata, Crossref, Open Library, MusicBrainz, Last.fm, Europeana Sparql, Wikiquote, Vinony graph. Generated from structured data (not the Wikipedia text) and checked against those facts — may still contain errors.

Person · Open Library

Works: 45

via Open Library + Wikidata

Music · MusicBrainz

Type: Person
Gender: Male
Origin: Romania

classical crossovergermangerman pianistjazzromanianromanian pianist

Discogs

via MusicBrainz · CC0

Listeners · Last.fm

Listeners: 238,280
Total plays: 15,277,688

Recent publications · Crossref

5 total works indexed

Real-Time DNA Sequencing from Single Polymerase Molecules
· 2009 · cited 3,239x
Aspirin versus Placebo in Pregnancies at High Risk for Preterm Preeclampsia
· 2017 · cited 1,995x
Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risks, 1990-2022
· 2023 · cited 1,514x
EV-TRACK: transparent reporting and centralizing knowledge in extracellular vesicle research
· 2017 · cited 1,218x
Abstractive Text Summarization using Sequence-to-sequence RNNs and Beyond
· 2016 · cited 1,108x

via Crossref · CC0

Quotes

“On Duties (De Officiis) 1.33 (translated by Walter Miller)”
“Equidem ad pacem hortari non desino; quae vel iniusta utilior est quam iustissimum bellum cum civibus.”
“Quidem concessum est rhetoribus ementiri in historiis ut aliquid dicere possint argutius.”
“Nemo enim fere saltat sobrius, nisi forte insanit.”
“Etenim, iudices, cum omnibus virtutibus me adfectum esse cupio, tum nihil est quod malim quam me et esse gratum et videri. Haec enim est una virtus non solum maxima sed etiam mater virtutum omnium reliquarum.”
“Silent enim leges inter arma.”

via Wikiquote · CC BY-SA

Key facts

Philosopher.name: Cicero
Philosopher.image: Bust of Cicero (1st-cent. BC) - Palazzo Nuovo - Musei Capitolini - Rome 2016.jpg
Philosopher.image_upright: 1
Philosopher.alt: White marble bust
Philosopher.caption: First-century AD bust of Cicero at the Capitoline Museums, Rome
Philosopher.birth_date: 3 January 106 BC
Philosopher.birth_place: Arpinum, Roman Republic
Philosopher.death_date: 7 December 43 BC (aged 63)
Philosopher.death_place: Formiae, Roman Republic
Philosopher.death_cause: Assassination (by order of Mark Antony)
Philosopher.occupation: Statesman, lawyer, writer, orator
Philosopher.children: Tullia and Cicero Minor
Philosopher.relatives: Quintus Tullius Cicero (brother)
Philosopher.era: Hellenistic philosophy
Philosopher.region: Western philosophy
Philosopher.footnotes: Magistracies and years thereof from

via Wikipedia infobox

Wikidata facts

Instance of: human
Gender: male
Citizenship: Ancient Rome
Place of birth: Arpino
Place of death: Formia
Spouse: Publilia
Child: Tullia
Sibling: Quintus Tullius Cicero
Occupation: politician
Position held: Roman governor
Political party: optimates
Languages spoken: Ancient Greek
Religion: ancient Roman religion
Award: Pater Patriae
Student of: Tyrannion of Amisus
Field of work: politics
Movement: academic skepticism
Image: Bust of Cicero (1st-cent. BC) - Palazzo Nuovo - Musei Capitolini - Rome 2016.jpg
Work location: Rome
Significant event: proscription

Show 21 more facts

Commons category: Cicero
cause of death: decapitation
topic's main category: Category:Cicero
date of birth: 0106-01-03
date of death: 0043-12-03
manner of death: homicide
Commons Creator page: Cicero
described by source: Granat Encyclopedic Dictionary
student: Trebatius Testa
Commons gallery: Marcus Tullius Cicero
name in native language: M.Tullius M.f.M.n. Cor. Cicero
gens: Tullia gens
writing language: Latin
different from: John Cicero, Elector of Brandenburg
present in work: The Divine Comedy
ethnic group: Romans
social classification: equites
P8168: ATC code H03
on focus list of Wikimedia project: Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4
P12749: Helmut Ringelmann
P13311: Saint-Tropez

Sources (11)

via Wikidata · CC0

Works in European collections

36 objects attributed to Cicero, held across European museums, libraries & archives · via Europeana

Le Tableau de la parfaitte amitié

Ciceronis, ac Demosthenis Sententiae selectae. Apophthegmata.

The Troys books by M. Tulle Ciceron touching the duties of living well

Rhetorica. Rhetoricorum ad C. Herennium lib. IIII. ; M. Tul. Ciceronis De inuentione lib. II. ; De oratore ad Quintum fratrem lib. III. ; De claris oratoribus, qui dicitur Brutus lib. I. Orator ad Brutum lib. I. ; Topica ad Trebatium lib. I. ; Oratoriae partitiones lib. I. ; Eiusdem de optimo genere oratorum praefatio quaedam ; Variae lectiones ad calcem reiectae

Tusculanae disputationes, dt.

The Republic

Tullii Ciceronis Opera ad editiones collata [...] volumen duodecimum

Tullii Ciceronis Opera ad editiones collata [...] volumen undecimum

Tullii Ciceronis Opera ad editiones collata [...] volumen decimum

Tullii Ciceronis Opera ad editiones collata [...] volumen quintum

Tullii Ciceronis Opera ad editiones collata [...] volumen tertium

Tullii Ciceronis Opera ad editiones collata [...] volumen quartum

Tullii Ciceronis Opera ad editiones collata [...] volumen septimum

Tullii Ciceronis Opera ad editiones collata [...] volumen nonum

M. Tullii Ciceronis Opera ad editiones collata: praemittitur vita ex Plutarchi graeco latine reddita, cum notitia literaria [...] edito ata

Tullii Ciceronis Opera ad editiones collata [...] volumen secundum

Tullii Ciceronis Opera ad editiones collata [...] volumen octavum

Tullii Ciceronis Opera ad editiones collata [...] volumen sextum

Lucullus

Textus varii

Chosen sentences of M. T. Cicero

M. Tullii Orationes

M. T. Philippicae

M. T. Orationes quaedam

M. T. Philippicae

M. T. Orationes in Verrem

M. T. Philippicae

M. T. Epistolae familiares

M. T. Epistolae ad Atticum

M. T. Epistolae Atticum

M. T. Orator

M. T. Rhetorice

M. T. De Inventione

~53 min read

Encyclopedic overview

28 sections

Contents

Early life
Family
Education
Early career
Early legal activity
Early political career
Consulship
Catilinarian conspiracy
Exile and return
Governorship of Cilicia
Julius Caesar's civil war
Opposition to Mark Antony and death
Personal life and family
Legacy
Writer
Philosopher
Politician
Astronomy
Works
In archaeology
Notable fictional portrayals
See also
Notes
References
Citations
Modern sources
Ancient sources
External links

Cicero greatly influenced both ancient and modern reception of the Latin language. A substantial part of his work has survived, and he was admired by both ancient and modern authors alike. He adapted the arguments of the chief schools of Hellenistic philosophy in Latin and coined a large portion of Latin philosophical vocabulary via lexical innovation (e.g. neologisms such as , , , infinitio, , and ), almost 150 of which were the result of translating Greek philosophical terms.

Excerpted from Wikipedia’s “Cicero” article, available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.