Scientific racism

thumb|Phrenological skull, European, 19th century. Wellcome Collection, London

biological concepts of natural selection & survival fitness re-imagined socio-politically

paleoanthropological hoax

The '''' (, "Ancestral Heritage") was a pseudoscientific organization founded by the Schutzstaffel in Nazi Germany in 1935. Established by Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler on July 1, 1935 as an SS appendage devoted to promoting racial theories espoused by Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party, the Ahnenerbe'' consisted of academics and scientists from a broad range of academic disciplines who fostered the idea that Germans descended from an Aryan race which was racially superior to other racial groups.

misuse of the scientific method to justify racism

Khoikhoi woman

public exhibit of members of a foreign nation

thumb|upright|Samuel A. Cartwright (1793–1863) Drapetomania was a proposed mental illness that, in 1851, American physician Samuel A. Cartwright hypothesized as the cause of enslaved Americans fleeing captivity. This hypothesis was based on the belief that slavery was such an improvement upon the lives of slaves that only those suffering from some form of mental illness would wish to escape.

efforts to avoid miscegenation, analogous to an animal breeder seeking purebred animals

Pseudoarchaeology (sometimes called fringe archaeology and previously also called alternative archaeology) consists of attempts to study, interpret, or teach about the subject-matter of archaeology while rejecting, ignoring, or misunderstanding the accepted data-gathering and analytical methods of the discipline. These pseudoscientific interpretations involve the use of artifacts, sites or materials to construct scientifically insubstantial theories to strengthen the pseudoarchaeologists' claims. Methods include exaggeration of evidence, dramatic or romanticized conclusions, use of fallacious

right|200px|thumb|A human skull and measurement device from 1902

Polygenism is a theory of human origins which posits the view that humans are of different origins (polygenesis). This view is opposite to the idea of monogenism, which posits a single origin of humanity. Modern scientific views find little merit in any polygenic model due to an increased understanding of speciation in a human context, with the monogenic "Out of Africa" hypothesis and its variants being the most widely accepted models for human origins. Polygenism has historically been heavily used in service of white supremacist ideas and practices, denying a common origin between European an

discussions and claims of differences in intelligence along racial lines

Italian Racial Law 1938

1924 United States anti-immigration law

1994 book by Richard J. Herrnstein and Charles Murray

method of classifying skin color

19th century racist work of Arthur de Gobineau

pantheistic white separatist religious movement, founded in Lighthouse Point, Florida, by Ben Klassen in 1973; promotes the veneration of the white race and the safeguarding of its survival

Nordicism is a racialist ideology which views the "Nordic race" as a superior racial group. Some notable and influential Nordicist works include Madison Grant's book The Passing of the Great Race (1916); Arthur de Gobineau's An Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races (1853); the various writings of Lothrop Stoddard; Houston Stewart Chamberlain's The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century (1899); and, to a lesser extent, William Z. Ripley's The Races of Europe (1899). The ideology became popular in the late-19th and 20th centuries in Germanic-speaking Europe, Northwestern Europe, Central Euro

spurious hypothetical language macrofamily proposed in 1971 by Joseph Greenberg; contained the Papuan languages and Great Andamanese

species of mammals

alleged mental illness linked to scientific racism

UNESCO statement about issues of race

essay by Houston Stewart Chamberlain

Notion that Ashkenazi Jews are smarter than other ethnic groups and debate over whether that is true and why that could be. Ashkenazi Jews have the highest average IQ according to scientific research.

book by Madison Grant

law in Nazi Germany

Circus attraction based on the trope of the fairness of Circassian women.

noted black scientist within the beliefs of the Nation of Islam

subfield of anthropology

Pseudoscientific study

former government agency in Sweden

racist manifesto, published on 14 July 1938, which prepared the enactment (in October 1938) of the Racial Laws in the Kingdom of Italy

1943 secret report by the Ministry of Health and Welfare's Population Problems Research Center for the Japanese government about race theory, rationale behind racial policy in wartime Japan, and future Asia under Japanese control

racial classification

thumb|Arno Breker's 1939 neoclassical sculpture Die Partei (The Party), which flanked one of the entrances to the Reich Chancellery in [[Berlin. The sculpture emphasizes what the Nazi Party considered to be desirable Aryan characteristics.]]

1861 oration delivered by Confederate Vice President Alexander H. Stephens in Savannah, Georgia

describing people as black, white, etc.

pseudoscientific journal

US nonprofit foundation for social sciences

aspect of history

pseudoscientific theory of black supremacy

essay by J. Philippe Rushton

Italian anthropologist (1856–1920)