Spectroscopy

thumb|A Prism (optics)|prism separates white light by dispersing it into its component colors, which can then be studied using spectroscopy.

thumb|Phosphorescent bird figure thumb|Phosphorescent, europium-doped, [[strontium silicate-aluminate oxide powder under visible light, fluorescing/phosphorescing under long-wave UV light, and persistently phosphorescing in total darkness]]

effect of splitting a spectral line into several components in the presence of a static magnetic field

optical phenomenon

different states of quantum systems

physical law describing absorption of light

thumb|Table-top spectrophotometer thumb|Beckman IR-1 Spectrophotometer, thumb|right | Beckman Model DB Spectrophotometer (a double beam model), 1960 thumb|Hand-held spectrophotometer used in graphic industry

way in which the energy of a photon is taken up by matter; physical process of absorbing light, while absorbance does not always measure absorption: it measures attenuation (of transmitted radiant power)

right|thumb|275px|An Alco-Sensor IV law enforcement grade breathalyzer

measure of probability that a specific process will take place in a collision of two particles

thumb|Fluorescence|Fluorescent solutions under UV light. Absorbed photons are rapidly re-emitted under longer electromagnetic wavelengths.

science of temporal, spatial, and spectral distributions of radiation

energy level splitting via a static electric field

energy range in a solid where no electron states can exist

Instrument that measures the magnitude of an input signal versus frequency within the full frequency range of the instrument

natural logarithm of the ratio of incident to transmitted radiant power through a material; the absorbance × ln(10)

thumb|250px|right|Comparisons of 1. opacity, 2. translucency, and 3. transparency; behind each panel is a star. Opacity is the measure of impenetrability to electromagnetic or other kinds of radiation, especially visible light. In radiative transfer, it describes the absorption and scattering of radiation in a medium, such as a plasma, dielectric, shielding material, glass, etc. An opaque object is neither transparent nor translucent. When light strikes an interface between two substances, in general, some may be reflected, some absorbed, some scattered, and the rest transmitted (also see refr

set of three rules proposed by physicist Friedrich Hund

thumb|200px|Conceptual animation of the dispersion (or breaking down) of light thumb|200px|Monochromator in an x-ray beamline at the [[Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory.]]

spectroscopic techniques that measure the absorption of radiation

thumb|An Ellipsometer at Laboratory for Analysis and Architecture of Systems|LAAS-CNRS in Toulouse, France Ellipsometry is an optical technique for investigating the dielectric properties (complex refractive index or dielectric function) of thin films. Ellipsometry measures the change of polarization upon reflection or transmission and compares it to a model.

pattern of motion in which all parts of the system move sinusoidally with the same frequency and with a fixed phase relation

measurement device for objective color measurements

In spectroscopy, absorbance (abbreviated as A) is a logarithmic value which describes the portion of a beam of light which does not pass through a sample. Whilst the name refers to the absorption of light, other interactions of light with a sample (reflection, scattering) may also contribute to attenuation of the beam passing through the sample. The term "internal absorbance" is sometimes used to describe beam attenuation caused by absorption, while "attenuance" or "experimental absorbance" can be used to emphasize that beam attenuation can be caused by other phenomena.

alt=Simplified drawing of the muonium atom|thumb|300x300px|A muonium atom

relative importance of certain frequencies in a composite signal

thumb|300px|Photoionization is the process that makes once-invisible filaments in deep space glow.

type of plasma source

periodic motion of the atoms of a molecule

measuring dielectric properties of a medium for differing frequencies

abrupt transition of a quantum system from one quantum state to another, from one energy level to another

range on the electromagnetic spectrum which are characteristic of a certain transition from initial to final state in a substance

spectral line associated with absorption or emission of light by atomic nuclei, atoms, or molecules

physical phenomenon of electron resonance

quantum chemistry rule regarding vibronic transitions

technique to follow reactions by using atomic isotopes

quantitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources

method of imaging using a wide range of wavelengths across the electromagnetic spectrum

type of electromagnetic spectroscopy

diagram representing the electronic states of a molecule and the transitions between them

formal constraint on the possible transitions of a system from one quantum state to another

Part of a spectrum

laser source emitting in equally spaced frequency lines

A spectrohelioscope is a type of solar telescope designed by George Ellery Hale in 1924 to allow the Sun to be viewed in a selected wavelength of light. The name comes from Latin- and Greek-based words: "Spectro," referring to the optical spectrum, "helio," referring to the Sun, and "scope," as in telescope.

type of atomic emission spectroscopy

a spectroscopic technique to probe the magnetization of ferromagnetic materials

technique for determining size distribution of particles

point defect in diamonds

quantum state of a system with a spin of quantum number s =1, such that there are three allowed values of the spin component, ms = −1, 0, and +1

the capability of an optical system to distinguish different frequencies

property of photosensitive devices

scientific technique

spectroscopy of quantized rotational states of gases

LENS PROCESSING

In chemistry and materials science, a luminophore is the part of a molecule, coordination complex, or solid-state material that is responsible for its luminescence (light emission following excitation). In molecular photochemistry, the closely related IUPAC-recommended term lumiphore refers to "a part of a molecular entity (or atom or group of atoms) in which electronic excitation associated with a given emission band is approximately localized", by analogy with chromophore for absorption. In practice, the term luminophore is widely used across chemistry, physics, and engineering literature fo

aka High-energy ion scattering (HEIS), analytical technique used in materials science

number of times a specific event occurs per photon absorbed by the system

Measurement of atomic transition frequency

thumb|233px|Transmissometer providing Runway Visual Range information A transmissometer or transmissiometer is an instrument for measuring the extinction coefficient of the atmosphere and sea water, and for the determination of visual range. It operates by sending a narrow, collimated beam of energy (usually a laser) through the propagation medium. A narrow field of view receiver at the designated measurement distance determines how much energy is arriving at the detector, and determines the path transmission and/or extinction coefficient. In a transmissometer the extinction coefficient is det