Sumer

Sumer ( ) is the earliest known civilization, located in the historical region of southern Mesopotamia (now south-central Iraq), emerging during the Chalcolithic and early Bronze Ages between the 5th and 4th millennium BC. Like nearby Elam, it is one of the cradles of civilization, along with Egypt, the Indus Valley, the Erligang culture of the Yellow River valley, Caral-Supe, and Mesoamerica. Living along the valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, Sumerian farmers grew an abundance of grain and other crops, a surplus of which enabled them to form urban settlements. The world's earliest k

biblical pericope about hubris and the origin of languages

language of ancient Sumer

royal dynasty in Mesopotamia

Abzû or Apsû (, + ) is the name for fresh water from underground aquifers which was given a religious fertilising quality in ancient near eastern cosmology, including Sumerian and Akkadian mythology. It was believed that all lakes, springs, rivers, fountains, rain, and even the Flood, as described in Atrahasis, originated from the Abzû. In Mesopotamian cosmogony, it is referred to as the freshwater primordial ocean below and above the earth; indeed the Earth itself was regarded as a goddess Ninhursag that was conceived from the mating of male Abzu with female saltwater stream Tiamat. In this w

Dilmun, or Telmun, (Sumerian: 15px, later , = ; ) was an ancient East Semitic–speaking civilization in Eastern Arabia mentioned from the 3rd millennium BC onwards, covering the transition from Prehistoric Arabia into the historic period. Based on contextual evidence, it was located in the Persian Gulf, on a trade route between Mesopotamia and the Indus Valley Civilisation, close to the sea and to artesian springs. Dilmun encompassed Bahrain, Kuwait, and eastern Saudi Arabia.

first religion of Mesopotamia region which is tangible by writing

archaeological culture

ancient Mesopotamian board game

oldest surviving law code

thumb|Cities of Mesopotamia in the 2nd millennium BC Shin‘ar is the name for the southern region of Mesopotamia used by the Hebrew Bible.

' or ' ( ) is the Sumerian name of a prominent trading partner of Sumer during the Middle Bronze Age. Its identification remains an open question, but most scholars associate it with the Indus Valley Civilisation.

archaeological culture of Mesopotamia

ancient region referred to in Sumerian cuneiform texts of around 2300 BC and existed to 550 BC as a source of copper and diorite for Mesopotamia

ancient Mesopotamian title

Gutian Dynasty of Sumer

thumb|The Anunnaki Bible of Mardukite Zuism. Zuism (Arabic: ; religious symbol: 𒀭), also known as Sumerian-Mesopotamian Neopaganism (Sumerian: ', "Knowledge of the Heavenly Principles") and Semitic-Canaanite Neopaganism (Ugaritic: ', "Holy Way"), or collectively as Middle Eastern Neopaganism, is a group of Neopagan new religious movements based upon ancient Sumerian-Mesopotamian and Semitic-Canaanite religions. There are Zuist groups across North America, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Oceania, as well as the Middle East.

thumb|upright=1.5|Statue of Iku-Shamagan, King of Mari, wearing the Kaunakes. . A kaunakes (, or ; ; ; or persis; or or ) was a woollen mantle that originated in Sumeria. It was woven in a tufted pattern, suggesting overlapping petals or feathers by sewing tufts onto the garment or looping them into the fabric.

historical epoch 2000–1800 BC

title from ancient Mesopotamia

Royal title in Ancient Mesopotamia

thumb|Assyrian scribes.

aspect of history

Proposed Mesopotamia civilization

enchanted talking mace in Sumerian mythology

Historical period of Mesopotamia

Ancient Sumerian dynasty

English to Hindi

Sumerian goddess