Turkish words and phrases

thumb|A game of Okey in the Mardin Province of Turkey thumb|right|Racks and tiles used commonly in Okey and [[Rummikub]] Okey () is a tile-based game, popular in Turkey, of the rummy family. The aim of the game is to score points against the opposing players by collecting certain groups of tiles. It is usually played with four players, but can also be played with only two or three players.

elected village head in villages of Turkey

thumb|120px|Djebedji bashi, commander thumb|120px|A Djebedji soldier Djebedji (, ) was a military subunit of Ottoman Army's artillery corps. The Djebedji unit was in charge of maintenance and keeping the weaponry. They were also responsible in transporting weapons to where they were needed. During peace times, they kept the weaponry in arsenals named cephane. The Djebedji unit participated in all campaigns commanded by the sultan or the grand vizier. In other campaigns only a part of the unit participated.

thumb|upright=1.3|Macun in Turkey

thumb|Dolmuş terminus in Kadıköy In Turkey and Northern Cyprus, a '''''' () is a share taxi that runs set routes within and between cities.

Musical instrument

thumb|235px|Ali Pasha of Ioannina, one of the more powerful Chiflik rulers|alt=Sketch of [[Ali Pasha of Ioannina smoking a water pipe ]]

Mirliva or Mîr-i livâ was a military rank of the Ottoman Army and Navy. It corresponds to brigadier general (modern Turkish: Tuğgeneral) and division general (modern Turkish: Tümgeneral) in the modern Turkish Army. Mirliva is a compound word composed of Mir (commander) and Liva (or Liwa, "brigade" in Arabic). The rank was junior to the Ferîk (Major General) and superior to the rank Miralay (Colonel) in the Ottoman Army and the pre-1935 Turkish Army.

Çavuş, also anglicized Chaush and Chiaus (from / ; ; from Old Turkic Çabuş or Çawuş, "person who gives order or yells") was an Ottoman title used for two separate soldier professions, both acting as messengers although differing in levels. It was a rank below agha and kethüda (from Persian, kad-khuda, "magistrate"), in units such as the Janissaries and Sipahi, and was also a term for members of the specialized unit of çavuşān (, also çavuşiyye, çavuş(an)-i divan(i)) consisting of combined cavalry and infantry serving the Imperial Council (as in Ottoman Egypt). The leaders of the council's çavu

Turkish dessert

Chorbaji (sometimes variously transliterated as tchorbadji, chorbadzhi, tschorbadji) (Turkish: çorbacı) (English: Soup Seller) was a military rank of the corps of Janissaries in the Ottoman Empire, used for the commander of an orta (regiment), i.e., approximately corresponding to the rank of colonel. The word is pronounced in Turkish and literally means "person in charge of çorba (soup)".

A derebey (trans. from Tirebey, riverside castle lord) was a feudal lord in Anatolia and the Pontic areas of Lazistan and Adjara in the 18th century, with considerable independence from the central government of the Ottoman Empire.

Tezkire (), from Arabic tadhkirah meaning "something that causes one to remember" or "memorandum", is a form of bibliographical dictionary or bibliographical compendium which flourished in the 16th-century Ottoman Empire. The most widely known are the tezkires of poets, but the books also focused on the works of government officials and artists in general. First seen in early Arab literature before the 10th century, they then made their way into Persian literature and later Ottoman literature.

thumb|Pilaki Pilaki is a style of meze and may refer to several dishes that are cooked in a sauce made out of onion, garlic, carrot, potato, tomato or tomato paste, sugar, and olive oil. Beans used in this style are white beans, or borlotti beans. They are served cold, garnished with parsley and slices of lemon. Fish pilaki is also a popular recipe. In Greek cuisine, this style is known as plaki. In Bulgarian cuisine the name is "plakiya". thumb|Pilaki ==See also== Gigandes plaki, a similar Greek dish. Piyaz, another Turkish bean dish. Rajma, an Indian dish. Red beans and rice, a Louisiana C

thumb|350px|Karabela sabre, 17th century right|thumb|150px|Karabela of King Sigismund III of Poland

Müderris is a term that described the religious scholar, professor or faculty member in Seljuk Anatolia and the Ottoman Empire.Cambridge University Press, History of Turkey Vol. 3, The Later Ottoman Empire 1603-1839 (2006), s.216

Tekfur () was a title used in the late Seljuk and early Ottoman periods to refer to independent or semi-independent minor Christian rulers or local Byzantine governors in Asia Minor and Thrace.

Kofte meatballs grilled on a skewer

thumb Şıra, şire, or shira is a Turkish non-alcoholic drink made from slightly fermented grape juice. It tastes sweet due to its high fructose content, and it is terracotta in colour. It is mostly served with Iskender kebap.

thumb|right|300px|Group of Zaptié in Italian Somaliland (1939).Zaptié was the name of locally raised gendarmerie units in the Italian colonies of Tripolitania, Cyrenaica (later Italian Libya), Eritrea and Somaliland between 1888 and 1943.

the highest rank in the Turkish army, equivalent of a Field Marshal in other countries

Turkish cold dish (or meze) of "balls" of boiled red lentils, bulgur, green onions etc

'''''' is a Turkish word which means "corporation". During the Early Modern Period belonging to a guild gave people a voice and was an important part of one's identity. Handicraft producers were linked to one another by a range of social, political, and economic ties. Guilds varied among societies, social class, and genders. There were many misconceptions, differences, as well as similarities between Europe and the Ottoman Empire. There were hierarchies within guilds; sometimes they shared tools, worked together, or worked alone.

thumb|Possible Hephthalite ruler. Shahi Tegin 728 CE.

The buzuq (; also transliterated bozuq, bouzouk, buzuk etc.) a long-necked fretted lute, likely originated in the Eastern Mediterranean, particularly in the Levant, where it is prominent in Lebanese, Syrian, and Palestinian music. Its roots may trace back to ancient stringed instruments, evolving into its modern form by the 19th century. The buzuq's metallic strings and thin neck allow for intricate melodies, making it a favored solo instrument in traditional settings. It gained popularity in urban music scenes, especially in Cairo's early 20th-century music halls, where it was adapted for lar

thumb|160px|Janissary boluk-bashi (1780). Boluk-bashi (, , "head of [infantry] company, company captain") was an Ottoman officer rank equivalent to captain. It was replaced in the 19th century by the rank of yüzbaşı.

Mütesellim or müsellim (, , , ) was an Ottoman title used for the deputies employed by the sanjak-bey as civil governors in the nahiye administrative unit, who managed tax and tithe collection. The judicial counterpart in the nahiya was the kadi (judges).

Harambaša () was the rank for a senior commander of a hajduk band (brigand gangs).

Turkish meal

Tsifteteli () or Çiftetelli, is a rhythm and belly dance of Anatolia and the Balkans (particularly Greece). In Turkish the word means "double stringed", taken from the violin playing style that is practiced in this kind of music. There are suggestions that the dance existed in ancient Greece, known as the Aristophanic dance Cordax. It became popular in Greece through the Greek-Turkish population exchange of 1923. Despite this, it has established itself as the most popular and most common Greek dance together with Zeibekiko. Nowadays it is found not only in Greece and Turkey, but also in the en

Mırra or Murra is a traditional type of bitter Arabic coffee prepared in the Levant and parts of southern Turkey. The name comes from the Arabic word mur, meaning "bitter".Mirra coffee in Abu Ghosh|thumbBecause of its intense bitterness, mırra is traditionally served in very small amounts.

thumb|Consular kawass thumb|Kawasses at the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in [[Jerusalem]] A kavass or cavass is an Ottoman Turkish term for an armed guard fulfilling various roles, often in the service of local notables and European foreigners of high status or means.

rhythm and measure system in Ottoman classical music

Öküzgözü is an indigenous Turkish grape variety used in the production of Turkish wine. It is one of the two principal native wine grapes of Elazığ Province in Eastern Anatolia, the other being Boğazkere. The grape is widely regarded as one of the most important red wine varieties of Turkey due to its wide cultivation, stylistic versatility, and international recognition.

Miralay or Mîr-i alay (Gendarmerie: Alaybeyi) was a military rank of the Ottoman Army and Navy. The modern Turkish equivalent is Albay, meaning Colonel. Miralay is a compound word composed of Mir (commander) and Alay (regiment).

thumb|150px|right|Ioannis Logothetis, proestos of Livadeia, by Louis Dupré The kodjabashis (; singular κοτζάμπασης, kotzabasis; ; from from and ) were local Christian notables in parts of the Ottoman Balkans, most often referring to Ottoman Greece and especially the Peloponnese. They were also known in Greek as proestoi or prokritoi (προεστοί/πρόκριτοι, "primates") or demogerontes (δημογέροντες, "elders of the people"). In some places they were elected (such in the islands for example), but, especially in the Peloponnese, they soon became a hereditary oligarchy, who exercised considerable infl

thumb|300px|right|A Kirdzhali reenactment band in Bulgaria. The kırcalı or kirdzhali (, from meaning "mountain", , ) is a term used for a type of bandits, brigands and rebels active in the Balkans at the end of the 18th- and beginning of 19th century, in the prelude of national revolutions and liberation of Bulgarians, Greeks and Serbs. According to some the name is derived from the town of Kardzhali in the Rhodopes, one of the important retreats of "mountain bandits" (dağlı eşkıyası) that emerged after the Ottoman Empire lost territory by the Black Sea and made Rumelia a borderland filled wit

Höşmerim or hoşmerim is a Turkish dessert popular in the Aegean, Marmara, Trakya and Central Anatolia, Black Sea, East Black Sea regions of Turkey. It is sometimes called peynir helva or "cheese halva". It is generally consumed after a meal as a light dessert and may be topped with ice cream, honey or nuts.

Turkish "kebap" made with eggplants and red meat (beef and mutton) on a scewer

derogatory term for subjects of the Ottoman Empire

Turkish meat dish

Military rank in the Ottoman Empire

Turkish musical instrument

system of melodic modes used in traditional Turkish music

The bajrak (; pronounced or , meaning "banner" or "flag") was an Ottoman territorial unit, consisting of villages in mountainous frontier regions of the Balkans, from which military recruitment was based. It was introduced in the late 17th century and continued its use until the end of Ottoman rule in Rumelia. The bajrak included one or more clans. It was especially implemented in northern Albania and in parts of Kosovo (Sanjak of Prizren and Sanjak of Scutari), where in the 19th century these regions constituted the frontier with the Principality of Serbia and Principality of Montenegro. Thes

Wikimedia list article

Salça ("salcha") () is a category of thick, deep red paste made from peppers or tomato and salt, originating in Turkey.

The manghir (; ; ) was an Ottoman copper coin introduced first during the reign of sultan Murad I ().

Ẓulm (, ') is the Arabic word used interchangeably for cruelty or unjust acts of exploitation, oppression, and wrongdoing, whereby a person either deprives others of their rights or does not fulfill his obligations towards them. It is used in Urdu and Hindi in the same sense. In Turkish, it is known as zulüm''' and other cognates of this word are prevalent in several Semitic and Indo-European languages.

thumb | rightHardaliye is a lactic acid Turkish drink fermented beverage produced from grapes, crushed mustard seeds, sour cherry leaves, and benzoic acid. It is an indigenous drink of the Trakya region of Turkey in southeastern Europe.

military rank in the Ottoman Army

military rank of the Ottoman Empire

A buyruldu was a decree issued by a high-ranking official and passed to lower-ranking ones in the Ottoman Empire. It literally means "it was decreed" in Turkish, derived from the verb buyur- (to decree).

word in the Turkish language

The lodos is the strong south-westerly wind which may predominate episodically in the Aegean Sea and Marmara Sea as well as the Mediterranean coast of Turkey all the year round; it frequently raises high seas and may give violent westerly squalls. The word lodos is Turkish, coming from Greek word "Notus", and originally means "southern wind". ==Description== The predominant wind-driven surface current of the Aegean Sea is from northwest to southeast, but about twenty times a year the wind shifts southwards, pushing from the Mediterranean towards the Black Sea. If it continues long enough, the

thumb|right|300px|A traditional jelick A yelek (also spelled jelick in older English texts) is the bodice or waistcoat of Ottoman origin, traditionally worn by women. The yelek is typically a sleeveless and collarless garment and usually has small pockets on the sides. Traditional yeleks are generally embroidered and made out of silk cloth as well as velvet and leather. During the Ottoman era, the yelek was a hip-length jacket or vest worn for warmth by both sexes. It could have long sleeves, short sleeves, or no sleeves, and often had a small standing collar. A shorter variant, the anteri (or

Lubunca, Labunca or Lubunyaca is a secret Turkish cant and slang used by sex workers and the LGBTQ community in Turkey. The term originated from the root lubni, which is the Romani word for "prostitute".

Bucak (pronounced 'budjak') is a Turkish word meaning "corner", and in the administrative sense, a subdistrict. Its variants are also names for various localities in Asia and Europe.