1860s
Sign in to savethumb|335x335px|From top left, clockwise: Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell formulates the classical theory of [[electromagnetic radiation, bringing together for the first time electricity, magnetism, and light as different manifestations of the same phenomenon; the Meiji Restoration leads to enormous changes in Japan's political and social structure; the International Workingmen's Association is formed in 1864, aimed at uniting a variety of different left-wing socialist, communist and anarchist groups; the Battle of Avay, fought in 1868 during the Paraguayan War, the bloodiest inter-stat
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The 1860s was a decade marked by major scientific breakthroughs, including James Clerk Maxwell's unification of electricity, magnetism, and light, alongside significant political and social transformations such as Japan's Meiji Restoration and the formation of the International Workingmen's Association. This period matters because these developments in physics and politics fundamentally shaped modern science, international labor movements, and global geopolitics for generations to come.
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21 sectionsContents
- Politics and wars
- Wars
- Internal conflicts
- Prominent political events
- Assassinations and attempts
- Disasters and natural events
- Science and technology
- Establishments
- Religion
- Culture
- Literature and arts
- Sports
- Fashion
- Miscellaneous trends
- People
- Politics
- Famous and infamous personalities
- See also
- References
- Further reading
- External links
thumb|335x335px|From top left, clockwise: Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell formulates the classical theory of [[electromagnetic radiation, bringing together for the first time electricity, magnetism, and light as different manifestations of the same phenomenon; the Meiji Restoration leads to enormous changes in Japan's political and social structure; the International Workingmen's Association is formed in 1864, aimed at uniting a variety of different left-wing socialist, communist and anarchist groups; the Battle of Avay, fought in 1868 during the Paraguayan War, the bloodiest inter-state war in Latin America's history; execution in 1867 of Maximilian I of Mexico, ruler of the Second Mexican Empire, established during the Second French intervention in Mexico; the Battle of Gettysburg, the turning point of the American Civil War, fought in the United States from 1861 to 1865, between the North (the Union) and the South (the Confederacy) as a result of the long-standing controversy over the enslavement of black people; the Suez Canal is inaugurated in 1869; Victor Emmanuel meets Garibaldi near Teano in 1860, at the end of the Expedition of the Thousand.]]
The 1860s (pronounced "eighteen-sixties") was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1, 1860 and ended on December 31, 1869.