دهه ۱۸۶۰

The 1860s was a decade marked by major scientific breakthroughs, including James Clerk Maxwell's unification of electricity, magnetism, and light, alongside significant political and social transformations such as Japan's Meiji Restoration and the formation of the International Workingmen's Association. This period matters because these developments in physics and politics fundamentally shaped modern science, international labor movements, and global geopolitics for generations to come.

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