Also known as Abdul Kalam, Kalam, A.P.J Abdul Kalam, A P J Abdul Kalam, Abul Pakiz Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam, Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam, APJ Abdul Kalam, Dr APJ Abdul Kalam
Indian scientist and statesman (1931–2015)
A. P. J. Abdul Kalam was an Indian scientist and politician who lived from 1931 to 2015 and served as the country's president from 2002 to 2007. He is widely remembered for his contributions to India's space and missile programs and for his efforts to promote science education throughout the country.
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Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam (/ˈʌbdʊl kəˈlɑːm/ UB-duul kə-LAHM; 15 October 1931 – 27 July 2015) was an Indian aerospace scientist and statesman who served as the president of India from 2002 to 2007.
Born and raised in a Muslim family in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, Kalam studied physics and aerospace engineering. He spent the next four decades as a scientist and science administrator, mainly at the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and was intimately involved in India's civilian space programme and military missile development efforts. He was known as the "Missile Man of India" for his work on the development of ballistic missile and launch vehicle technology. He also played a pivotal organisational, technical, and political role in Pokhran-II nuclear tests in 1998, India's second such test after the first test in 1974.
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