mathematics

Also known as math, maths

Mathematics is a field of study that discovers and organizes methods, theories, and theorems that are developed and proved either in response to the needs of empirical sciences or the needs of mathematics itself. There are many areas of mathematics, including number theory (the study of integers and arithmetic functions), algebra (the study of formulas and related structures), geometry (the study of shapes and spaces that contain them), analysis (the study of approximating continuous changes), and set theory (presently used as a foundation for all mathematics).

OverviewAI-generated

Mathematics is an academic discipline and major that serves as a formal and exact science. It is the study of mathematical objects and includes number theory, geometry, algebra, and category theory. The field is practiced by mathematicians and is part of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. It has uses in science, mathematical modelling, engineering, and finance.

The subject is described by sources such as the Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition and the Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. It has characteristics including mathematical beauty and eternity. Mathematics is referenced by 18,959 other encyclopedia articles and appears in the Wikipedia:List of articles all languages should have. It is maintained by WikiProject Mathematics and has a native label of μᾰθημᾰτικά.

Synthesized by Vinony from 25 facts across 3 sources: Wikidata, PubMed, Vinony graph. Generated from structured data (not the Wikipedia text) and checked against those facts — may still contain errors.

Research

536,360 papers

Mathematics forBioMathics.ReviewProgress in biophysics and molecular biology · 2013Hoffman WCDOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2013.03.016
A Hippocratic Oath for Mathematicians? Mapping the Landscape of Ethics in Mathematics.ReviewScience and engineering ethics · 2022Müller D, Chiodo M, Franklin JDOI: 10.1007/s11948-022-00389-y
Mathematics abilities associated with adaptive functioning in preschool children born preterm.Child neuropsychology : a journal on normal and abnormal development in childhood and adolescence · 2024Tamm L, McNally KA, Altaye M et al.DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2023.2191942
A Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies Genetic Variants Associated with Mathematics Ability.Scientific reports · 2017Chen H, Gu XH, Zhou Y et al.DOI: 10.1038/srep40365
A synthesis of mathematical and cognitive performances of students with mathematics learning disabilities.Journal of learning disabilities · 2015Shin M, Bryant DPDOI: 10.1177/0022219413508324
Cognitive, affective and sociological predictors of school performance in mathematics.Scientific reports · 2024Svraka B, Lasker J, Ujma PPDOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-77904-7
Curriculum integration in nutrition and mathematics.ReviewThe Journal of school health · 1998James DC, Adams TLDOI: 10.1111/j.1746-1561.1998.tb03476.x
Difficulties with mathematics experienced by adults with epilepsy in daily life: An online study.Epilepsy & behavior : E&B · 2023Poole BJ, Lah SDOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2022.109000

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Encyclopedic overview

40 sections

Contents

Areas of mathematics
Number theory
Geometry
Algebra
Calculus and analysis
Discrete mathematics
Mathematical logic and set theory
Computational mathematics
History
Etymology
Ancient
Medieval and later
Symbolic notation and terminology
Relationship with sciences
Pure and applied mathematics
Unreasonable effectiveness
Specific sciences
Physics
Computing
Statistics and other decision sciences
Biology and chemistry
Earth sciences
Social sciences
Philosophy
Reality
Proposed definitions
Rigor
Training and practice
Education
Psychology (aesthetic, creativity and intuition)
Cultural impact
Artistic expression
Popularization
Awards and prize problems
See also
Notes
References
Citations
Other sources
Further reading

Mathematics involves the description and manipulation of abstract objects that are either abstractions from nature or purely abstract entities that are stipulated to have certain properties, called axioms. Mathematics uses pure reason to prove the properties of objects through proofs, which consist of a succession of applications of deductive rules to already established results. These results, called theorems, include previously proved theorems, axioms, andin case of abstraction from naturesome basic properties that are considered true starting points of the theory under consideration.

Excerpted from Wikipedia’s “mathematics” article, available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.