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In biology, adaptation has three related meanings. Firstly, it is the dynamic evolutionary process of natural selection that fits organisms to their environment, enhancing their evolutionary fitness. Secondly, it is a state reached by the population during that process. Thirdly, it is a phenotypic trait or adaptive trait, with a functional role in each individual organism, that is maintained and has evolved through natural selection.

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Adaptation is the evolutionary process through which organisms develop traits that help them survive and reproduce in their environment, as well as the physical or behavioral characteristics themselves that result from this process. It matters because it explains how living things become suited to their surroundings and how populations change over time through natural selection.

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