Alfred Stieglitz

Stieglitz went to Berlin to study engineering and came back a photographer. He had enrolled at the Polytechnikum in 1882, discovered photo-chemistry, bought his first camera, and abandoned the degree plan. His father, a German-Jewish immigrant who had made money in the wool trade, was tolerant of the change but sceptical that photography could be taken seriously as art. Stieglitz spent the next forty years proving it could. In 1905 he opened the Little Galleries of the Photo-Secession at 291 Fifth Avenue, known simply as 291. The gallery was three small rooms, but the exhibitions changed American art. Picasso, Matisse, Rodin and Cezanne all received their American debuts there. Stieglitz interspersed controversial work with conventional photography, deliberately setting up arguments between the two so visitors would have to decide what they thought. The method was Socratic. The gallery was a classroom disguised as an exhibition space. In January 1916, the suffragist Anita Pollitzer brought him a set of charcoal drawings by a young art teacher named Georgia O'Keeffe. Stieglitz exhibited them at 291 without asking O'Keeffe's permission. She found out months later when a friend saw her work on the gallery wall. The two began a daily correspondence that turned into an affair, then a marriage in 1924. Over the next twenty years he made over three hundred portraits of her: clothed and nude, painting and resting, her hands, her neck, her feet. His own photographs are technically precise and emotionally austere. The Equivalents series, cloud photographs made in the 1920s, are among the earliest examples of intentionally abstract photography. He wanted to prove that a photograph of a cloud could produce the same emotional response as a piece of music, without depicting anything recognisable. He largely succeeded. 1. 1864Born in Hoboken, New Jersey to German-Jewish immigrant parents. His family moved to Germany in 1881, where he studied engineering before discovering photography. 2. 1890Returned to New York at 26 after several years photographing and winning competitions across Europe, determined to prove photography could be a fine art equal to painting. 3. 1902Founded the Photo-Secession at 38 in New York after breaking from the Camera Club, uniting a group of photographers committed to advancing the medium as art. 4. 1905Opened the Little Galleries of the Photo-Secession at 41, known as "291" for its Fifth Avenue address. The gallery became the first American venue to exhibit Picasso, Brancusi, and other European modernists. 5. 1916Exhibited charcoal drawings by Georgia O'Keeffe at 291, at 52, after being shown them by suffragist Anita Pollitzer. He mounted the show without O'Keeffe's initial knowledge. 6. 1924Married Georgia O'Keeffe at 60 in New York. Their relationship, documented through decades of correspondence and his photographic portraits of her, became one of the most studied partnerships in American art. 7. 1929Opened An American Place gallery at 65 in New York, his final gallery space, which he ran until his death. He championed American modernists including O'Keeffe, Dove, Hartley, and Demuth. 8. 1946Died in New York City at 82. Through his galleries, publications, and advocacy over five decades he had fundamentally altered the status of photography and modern art in America. In 1905, Alfred Stieglitz opened the Little Galleries of the Photo-Secession at 291 Fifth Avenue. It was known simply as 291. Alfred Stieglitz discovered photo-chemistry while studying engineering in Berlin. He then bought his first camera and abandoned his degree plan. Alfred Stieglitz believed in making only straight, unmanipulated photographs. He exposed and printed them using basic photographic processes. Alfred Stieglitz is best known for his photographs. He photographed whatever he saw around him, from the bustling streets of New York City to cloudscapes and the faces of friends and relatives. Alfred Stieglitz is recognised for his ph