Antiochus IV Epiphanes
Also known as Antiochus IV
king of the Seleucid Empire (175–164 BC)
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Antiochus IV Epiphanes was a ruler of the Seleucid Empire, a major Greek kingdom in the ancient Near East, who reigned from 175 to 164 BC. He is historically significant because his policies, particularly his attempts to suppress Jewish religious practices, sparked the Maccabean Revolt, a pivotal conflict that shaped Jewish history and independence.
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Wikidata facts
Article
Antiochus IV Epiphanes (c. 215 BC–November/December 164 BC) was king of the Seleucid Empire from 175 BC until his death in 164 BC. Notable events during Antiochus' reign include his near-conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt, his persecution of the Jews of Judea and Samaria, and the rebellion of the Jewish Maccabees.
The son of King Antiochus III the Great, Antiochus IV’s accession to the throne was controversial, as he was seen as a usurper by some. After the death of his brother Seleucus IV Philopator in 175 BC, the "true" heir should have been Seleucus's son Demetrius I. However, Demetrius I was very young and a hostage in Rome at the time, and Antiochus seized the opportunity to declare himself king instead, successfully rallying enough of the Greek ruling class in Antioch to support his claim. This helped set a destabilizing trend in the Seleucid Empire in subsequent generations, as an increasing number of claimants tried to usurp the throne. After his own death, power struggles between competing lines of the ruling dynasty heavily contributed to the collapse of the empire. Antiochus's often eccentric behavior and capricious actions led some of his contemporaries to call him Epimanes ("The Mad"). He is often taken as being a prototype of the Antichrist in certain forms of Christianity.