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aplastic anemia

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anemia that is characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets produced by bone marrow

Key facts

Specialty
Oncology , hematology
Symptoms
pale skin , fatigue , fast heart rate , rash , dizziness , headache , frequent or prolonged infections , nosebleeds , bleeding gums, prolonged bleeding from cuts, unexplained or easy bruising, hematoma
Risk factors
Smoking , ionizing radiation, some chemicals, prior chemotherapy, Down syndrome
Diagnostic method
bone marrow biopsy
Treatment
bone marrow transplant , chemotherapy , radiotherapy , targeted therapy
Prognosis
five-year survival rate 45%
Frequency
3.83 million (2015)
Deaths
563,000 (2015)

via Wikipedia infobox

~18 min read

Encyclopedic overview

Aplastic anemia (AA) is a severe hematologic condition in which the body fails to make blood cells in sufficient numbers. Normally, blood cells are produced in the bone marrow by stem cells that reside there, but patients with aplastic anemia have a deficiency of all blood cell types: red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

It occurs most frequently in people in their teens and twenties but is also common among the elderly. It can be caused by immune disease, inherited diseases, or by exposure to chemicals, drugs, or radiation. However, in about half of cases, the cause is unknown.

Excerpted from Wikipedia’s “aplastic anemia” article, available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.