APOBEC3G
Sign in to saveAlso known as A3G, ARCD, ARP-9, ARP9, CEM-15, CEM15, MDS019, bK150C2.7
APOBEC3G (apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic subunit 3G) is a human enzyme encoded by the APOBEC3G gene that belongs to the APOBEC superfamily of proteins. This family of proteins has been suggested to play an important role in innate anti-viral immunity. APOBEC3G belongs to the family of cytidine deaminases that catalyze the deamination of cytidine to uridine in the single stranded DNA substrate. The C-terminal domain of A3G renders catalytic activity, several NMR and crystal structures explain the substrate specificity and catalytic activity.
Gene data
APOBEC3G- Name
- apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit 3G
- Type
- protein-coding
- Aliases
- A3G, ARCD, ARP-9, ARP9, CEM-15, CEM15, MDS019, bK150C2.7, dJ494G10.1
This gene is a member of the cytidine deaminase gene family. It is one of seven related genes or pseudogenes found in a cluster, thought to result from gene duplication, on chromosome 22. Members of the cluster encode proteins that are structurally and functionally related to the C to U RNA-editing cytidine deaminase APOBEC1. The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes site-specific deamination of both RNA and single-stranded DNA. The encoded protein has been found to be a specific inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infectivity. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2017].
via MyGene.info
Gene · Ensembl
apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit 3G
- Symbol
- APOBEC3G
- Biotype
- Protein coding
- Organism
- Homo sapiens
- Location
- 22:39,077,054-39,087,744
- Strand
- Forward (+)
- Assembly
- GRCh38
via Ensembl · EMBL-EBI
Wikidata facts
- Image
- Protein APOBEC3G PDB 2JYW.png
Show 2 more facts
- HomoloGene ID
- 128348
- exact match
- identifiers.org/ncbigene/60489
via Wikidata · CC0
~9 min read
Article
12 sectionsContents
- Discovery
- Structure
- Mechanism of action
- Cytidine deamination and hypermutation
- Interference with reverse transcription
- Interference with viral DNA integration
- Biological function
- HIV encapsidation
- Disease relevance
- References
- External links
- Further reading
APOBEC3G (apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic subunit 3G) is a human enzyme encoded by the APOBEC3G gene that belongs to the APOBEC superfamily of proteins. This family of proteins has been suggested to play an important role in innate anti-viral immunity. APOBEC3G belongs to the family of cytidine deaminases that catalyze the deamination of cytidine to uridine in the single stranded DNA substrate. The C-terminal domain of A3G renders catalytic activity, several NMR and crystal structures explain the substrate specificity and catalytic activity.
APOBEC3G exerts innate antiretroviral immune activity against retroviruses, most notably HIV, by interfering with proper replication. However, lentiviruses such as HIV have evolved the Viral infectivity factor (Vif) protein in order to counteract this effect. Vif interacts with APOBEC3G and triggers the ubiquitination and degradation of APOBEC3G via the proteasomal pathway. On the other hand, foamy viruses produce an accessory protein Bet () that impairs the cytoplasmic solubility of APOBEC3G. The two ways of inhibition are distinct from each other, but they can replace each other in vivo.