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Apollo 1 was meant to be the first crewed test flight of NASA's Apollo spacecraft in Earth orbit, a critical step toward landing humans on the Moon, but it never flew because a cabin fire during a launch rehearsal test on January 27, 1967, killed all three crew members—Gus Grissom, Ed White, and Roger Chaffee. The tragedy became a turning point for the Apollo program, leading to significant safety improvements that ultimately enabled the Moon landings in the years that followed.

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