Artaxerxes III
The 11th Achaemenid Emperor (358–338 BC)
AI overview
Artaxerxes III was the 11th emperor of the ancient Persian Achaemenid Empire, ruling from 358 to 338 BC during a period when the empire was facing internal challenges and external threats. He is historically significant as a ruler who attempted to consolidate power and maintain Persian dominance, though his reign ultimately ended as the empire approached its final years before Alexander the Great's conquest.
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Person
- Born
- 0425-01-01
- Died
- 0338-09-01
via Open Library + Wikidata
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Article
Ochus (Ancient Greek: Ὦχος Ochos), known by his dynastic name Artaxerxes III (Old Persian: 𐎠𐎼𐎫𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎠 Artaxšaçāʰ; Ancient Greek: Ἀρταξέρξης), was King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire from 359/58 to 338 BC. He was the son and successor of Artaxerxes II and his mother was Stateira.
Before ascending the throne Artaxerxes was a satrap and commander of his father's army. Artaxerxes came to power after one of his brothers was executed, another committed suicide, the last murdered and his father, Artaxerxes II died. Soon after becoming king, Artaxerxes murdered all of the royal family to secure his place as king. He started two major campaigns against Egypt. The first campaign failed, and was followed up by rebellions throughout the western part of his empire. During the second invasion, Artaxerxes finally defeated Nectanebo II, the Pharaoh of Egypt, bringing the country back into the Persian fold after six decades.