Aurangzeb

Also known as Aurangezeb, Alamgir I, Alamgir Shah, Abul Muzaffar Muhi-ud-Din Muhammad Aurangzeb, Alamgir Aurangzeb, Aurungzebe

Alamgir I (Muhi al-Din Muhammad; 3 November 1618 – 3 March 1707), commonly known by the title Aurangzeb, was the sixth Mughal emperor, reigning from 1658 until his death in 1707. Under his reign, the Mughal Empire reached its greatest extent, with territory spanning nearly the entirety of the Indian subcontinent.

AI overview

Aurangzeb was the sixth Mughal emperor of India who ruled from 1658 until his death in 1707, during which time the empire expanded to cover nearly the entire Indian subcontinent, making it the largest it had ever been. He matters historically because his reign marked the height of Mughal territorial power and influence, a pivotal period in Indian history that shaped the political landscape of the subcontinent.

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Person · Open Library

Born: 1618
Died: 1707
Works: 13

Top works

Ruqʻāt-i ʻĀlamgīrī-i muḥashshá
Fatāvá Hindiyyah
Aurangzeb ke k̲hut̤ūt̤
Ruqʻāt-i ʻAlamgīr, yaʻnī, Aʻlaḥaz̤rat Sulṭānulhind Muḥammad Aurangzeb ʻĀlamgīr ke khut̤ūt̤ va makātīb ... tārīkhī tartīb par yakjā kiʾe gaʻe hain̲
Ruqʻāt-i ʻĀlamgīrī

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Listeners: 4
Total plays: 39

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Recent publications · Crossref

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Quotes

“I wish you to recollect that the greatest conquerors are not always the greatest kings. The nations of the earth have often been subjugated by mere uncivilized barbarians, and the most extensive conquests have, in a few short years, crumbled to pieces. He is the truly great king who makes it the chief business of his life to govern his subjects with equity.”
“An emperor ought to stand midway between gentleness and severity.”
“In the region of Hindustan, this scrap of bread [i.e., the Mughal Empire] is a generous gift from Their Majesties, Timur and Akbar.”
“Take heart, my friends! There is a God! There is a God!”
“Wherefore should I not offer my congratulations? But the very fact of them being Sayyids, those fountains of felicity, demands heartly exertions in support of Islam and their ancestor Muhammad the Lord of Apostles. Let two Kaftans of honor for the two brothers be issued from my wardrobe and let them be sent with two swords, jewel-hilted and provided with pearl mounted belts, let Jamdat-ul-Mulk write much praise and congratulations when sending these presents.”
“No age is wanting in able men; it is the duty of wise masters to find them out, win them over, and get work done by means of them, without listening to the calumnies of selfish men against them.”

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Key facts

Royalty.predecessor: Shah Jahan
Royalty.regnal name: Abu al-Muzaffar Muhi al-Din Muhammad Bahadur Alamgir Aurangzeb Badshah al-Ghazi ()
Royalty.coronation2: Shah Jahan
Royalty.name: Alamgir I عالمگیر
Royalty.title: Shahenshah-e-Sultanat Al-Hindiyyah(Emperor of the Sultanate of India)
Royalty.image: Aurangzeb-portrait.jpg
Royalty.caption: Darbar of Aurangzeb by Bichitr,
Royalty.succession: Mughal Emperor
Royalty.coronation: 31 July 1658Sheesh Mahal
Royalty.successor: Azam Shah
Royalty.reg type: Grand Viziers
Royalty.birth_name: Muhi al-Din Muhammad
Royalty.birth_place: Dahod, Gujarat Subah, Mughal Empire
Royalty.death_place: Bhingar, Aurangabad Subah, Mughal Empire
Royalty.issue link: Family
Royalty.issue pipe: Detail
Royalty.full name: Muhi al-Din Muhammad ()
Royalty.posthumous name: Khuld-Makani ()

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Wikidata facts

Image: Aurangzeb (r. 1658-1707).jpg (Cropped).jpg

Show 8 more facts

Commons category: Aurangzeb
date of birth: 1618-11-03
date of death: 1707-03-03
Commons gallery: Alamgir I
name in native language: اورنگ‌زیب عالمگیر
nickname: اورنگ‌زیب
P13311: Christopher Hitchens
P8168: most livable cities

Sources (4)

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~75 min read

Article

53 sections

Contents

Early life
Ancestry
Career as prince
First Deccan governorate (1636–1644)
Governor of Gujarat (1645–1647)
Governor of Balkh (1647–1648)
Governor of Multan and Sindh (1648–1652)
Second Deccan governorate (1653–1658)
War of succession
Reign
Full title
Bureaucracy
Economy
Religious policy
Taxation policy
Administrative reforms
Revenue
Coins
Law
Military
Art and culture
Calligraphy
Architecture
Textiles
Foreign relations
Relations with Aceh
Relations with the Uzbek
Relations with the Safavid dynasty
Relations with the French
Relations with the Sultanate of Maldives
Relations with the Ottoman Empire
Relations with the English and the Anglo-Mughal War
Relations with the Ethiopian Empire
Relations with the Tibetans, Uyghurs, and Dzungars
Relations with the Czardom of Russia
Rebellions
Jat rebellion
Mughal–Maratha Wars
Ahom campaign
Satnami opposition
Sikh opposition
Pashtun opposition
Rathore rebellion
Death
Assessments and legacy
Literatures
Issue
See also
Notes
Citations
Bibliography
Further reading
External links

Aurangzeb and the Mughals belonged to a branch of the Timurid dynasty. He held administrative and military posts under his father Shah Jahan () and gained recognition as an accomplished military commander. Aurangzeb served as the viceroy of the Deccan in 1636–1637 and the governor of Gujarat in 1645–1647. He jointly administered the provinces of Multan and Sindh in 1648–1652 and continued expeditions into the neighbouring Safavid territories. In September 1657, Shah Jahan nominated his eldest and liberalist son Dara Shikoh as his successor, a move repudiated by Aurangzeb, who proclaimed himself emperor in February 1658. In April 1658, Aurangzeb defeated the allied army of Shikoh and the Kingdom of Marwar at the Battle of Dharmat. Aurangzeb's decisive victory at the Battle of Samugarh in May 1658 cemented his sovereignty and his suzerainty was acknowledged throughout the Empire. After Shah Jahan recovered from illness in July 1658, Aurangzeb declared him incompetent to rule and imprisoned his father in the Agra Fort. Following this, Aurangzeb had Dara Shikoh executed by beheading and his head was placed in a box and presented to their imprisoned father.