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Bambusoideae

Bamboos are a diverse group of mostly evergreen perennial flowering plants making up the subfamily Bambusoideae of the grass family Poaceae. Giant bamboos are the largest members of the grass family, in the case of Dendrocalamus sinicus having individual stalks (culms) reaching a length of , up to in diameter and a weight of up to . The internodes of bamboos can also be of great length. Kinabaluchloa wrayi has internodes up to in length, and Arthrostylidium schomburgkii has internodes up to in length, exceeded in length only by papyrus. By contrast, the stalks of the tiny bamboo Raddiella vane

AI overview

Bambusoideae is a subfamily of grasses that includes bamboos, which are diverse evergreen plants ranging from tiny species to giants like Dendrocalamus sinicus that can reach enormous sizes with stalks over a meter in diameter. Bamboos are notable for their remarkable physical characteristics, including some of the longest internodes (stem segments) found in any plant, making them among the most structurally distinctive members of the grass family.

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Species

Bamboos include over 1,000 species of woody, perennial grasses in more than 100 genera. Most botanists place them in the tribe Bambuseae within the grass family Poaceae, a large family of 10,000 species and at least 600 genera. Grasses range in size from small annuals (Poa annua) to towering, timber bamboo (Dendrocalamus giganteus). This is unquestionably the most important plant family, providing the majority of food for humans and their domesticated animals. The grasses are relatively recent additions to the earth's flora, having evolved only 30 to 40 million years ago, long after the demise of the dinosaurs. Vast grasslands provided food for the rising age of herbivorous mammals which in turn provided the food for a variety of carnivores. Some plants called "bamboo" are not grasses. The popular, indoor "lucky bamboo" grown hydroponically in vases of water is actually Draceana sanderana, a member of the lily family (Liliaceae). It is also placed in the agave family (Agavaceae) and dracena family (Dracenaceae) by some botanists. Heavenly bamboo (Nandina domestica) is a cultivated dicotyledonous shrub in the barberry family (Berberidaceae).

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Key facts

Chinese.pic: Bamboo (Chinese characters).svg
Chinese.piccap: "Bamboo" in ancient seal script (top) and regular script (bottom) Chinese characters
Chinese.picupright: 0.25
Chinese.c: 竹
Chinese.p: zhú
Chinese.w: chu2

Article

46 sections

Contents

Taxonomy
Distribution
Ecology
Mass flowering
Invasive species
Animal diet
Cultivation
General
Harvesting
Leaching
Toxicity
Uses
Culinary
Fuel
Working
Writing surface
Writing pen
Textiles
Fabric
Construction
Fishing and aquaculture
Firecrackers
Weapons
Musical instruments
Indicator of climate change
Kitchenware and other usage
In culture
China
Attributions of character
Mythology
Japan
Malaysia
Philippines
Vietnam
Attributions of character
Mythology
Africa
Tanzania
Bozo
Saint Lucia
Hawaiian
North America
See also
References
Further reading
External links

In bamboo, as in other grasses, the internodal regions of the stem are usually hollow and the vascular bundles in the cross-section are scattered throughout the walls of the stalk instead of in a cylindrical cambium layer between the bark (phloem) and the wood (xylem) as in dicots and conifers. The dicotyledonous woody xylem is also absent. The absence of secondary growth wood causes the stems of monocots, including the palms and large bamboos, to be columnar rather than tapering.