کاکتوس

Also known as cactuses, cactus, cacti, cactus family, cactaceae

A cactus (: cacti, cactuses, or less commonly, cactus) is a member of the plant family Cactaceae (), a family of the order Caryophyllales comprising about 127 genera with some 1,750 known species. The word cactus derives, through Latin, from the Ancient Greek word (káktos), a name originally used by Theophrastus for a spiny plant whose identity is now not certain. Cacti occur in a wide range of shapes and sizes. They are native to the Americas, ranging from Patagonia in the south to parts of western Canada in the north, with the exception of Rhipsalis baccifera, which is also found in Africa a

OverviewAI-generated

Cactaceae is a family within the order Caryophyllales. The taxon, which includes the genus Cactus, has been recognized since 1789, with a temporal range starting in the Eocene, approximately 35 million years ago. The family is characterized by the use of CAM photosynthesis. The Unicode character 🌵 represents the subject. Common names for the group include 선인장과, วงศ์โบตั๋น, サボテン, and صبار.

Records indicate the presence of Cactaceae in the United States, Mexico, Brasil, Venezuela, and Cuba. Institutions such as USU, ANSP, MEL, INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE PESQUISAS DA AMAZÔNIA (INPA), and NY hold data on the family. There are 46 records and 34 media items associated with the subject. Additionally, the term "Cactus" appears in 4,008 PubMed queries and is referenced by 2,989 other encyclopedia articles.

Synthesized by Vinony from 33 facts across 6 sources: Wikidata, PubMed, Plants of the World, WoRMS, iDigBio, Vinony graph. Generated from structured data (not the Wikipedia text) and checked against those facts — may still contain errors.

Species

Genus

PhylumArthropoda
ClassBranchiopoda
OrderAnomopoda
FamilyMacrothricidae

Habitatfreshwater

仙人掌是石竹目仙人掌科（學名：Cactaceae）的植物總稱，別名為仙巴掌、仙人扇、霸王樹。仙人掌具有相當豐富的形状和大小，並擁有優良的保水适应力，多數生長於沙漠及半沙漠等乾燥少雨環境，在地球上所有沙漠也可以發現。仙人掌為多肉植物的一類，目前仙人掌科的植物有174属，多於2000種物種Cactaceae — The Plant List。仙人掌用途廣泛，可作观赏植物、饲用或饲料，以及其他食物來源（特别是它们的果实）。胭脂紅是來自於生活在某些仙人掌的胭脂虫之产物。目录 1 構造及特徵 2 繁殖方法 3 用途 4 危害 5 分類 6 仙人掌公園 7 外部連結構造及特徵面對沙漠缺水和氣候的適應，仙人掌的葉子退化成短短的小刺，以減少水份流失，亦能作為阻止動物吞食的武器。它們具有的肉質多肉植物莖是光合作用的主要器官。其莖演化為肥厚含水的形狀，具有(刺座areole)代謝活性而且可長出刺狀葉，並可生出另一器官如莖（cladode）或果實。15℃以下時，顏色黯淡，屬於休眠期，須保持乾燥。仙人掌的根與莖不同，是非肉質的，根羣分布淺（15~30 cm），即使是樹狀仙人掌其根群主要分佈在地面下3cm以內，而某些生長於惡地的仙人掌反常地具有肥厚的儲藏根。仙人掌根系的覆蓋面積範圍非常之大，用以在下大雨時能吸收最多的雨水。當土壤乾燥時，細側根通常死亡，而較大的根轉為被軟木栓層（皮層）覆蓋。主根皮層下的根原始體在土壤回濕後迅速生長，在數天之內即增加水及礦物之吸收能力。扁平仙人掌在其葉狀莖上之網孔接觸到地面即容易長根而繁殖。多數仙人掌科植物都耐旱，但也有例外，例如生長在巴西熱帶雨林中的蟹爪蘭則需要蔭蔽、潮濕的環境才能生長。仙人掌為了適應乾燥的環境，因此營養方式和凤梨、落地生根及长寿花一樣，為行景天酸代謝作用的碳固定方式。葉：葉已退化為刺，無真正的葉（為了減少水分流失而退化為刺）繁殖方法仙人掌的繁殖方法有三種，分別為種子、子球、扦插：種子繁殖法：由開花結果而來，可以自然落入地面、動物(包含鳥類)吃食排泄等方式傳播。子球繁殖法：在母株上直接產生子球，子球入地面即可生根繼續生存。扦插繁殖法：一般人工繁殖的方式，可確保品質的一致。用途其肉質莖葉可其汁作飲料或煮食。仙人掌的果實可食，火龍果就是一種仙人掌的果實。仙人掌也是觀景植物的一種。全世界培育仙人掌最有成績的國家是中南美洲的墨西哥，該國的國徽上就有仙人掌的圖樣。而亞洲地區則以日本為代表。危害在美國及澳洲等地方，仙人掌生長速度非常快速，表皮堅硬，無堅不摧的仙人掌往往会破壞牧場的圍欄，在一、兩年內就遍佈極其廣泛的地帶，同時搶奪其他可供放牧的植物的營養。所以部分地區會指明某些物種為需要清除的入侵植物。阳炎城 Parodia tenuicylindrica 一種墨西哥野生仙人掌，形狀與我們常見的品種差異很大

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Museum specimens

Specimen records: 46
With media: 34
Family: Cactaceae
Collections: USU, ANSP, MEL, INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE PESQUISAS DA AMAZÔNIA (INPA), NY, BRIT
Recorded in: United States, Mexico, Brasil, Venezuela, Cuba, Guatemala, Brazil, Peru

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