Camelus dromedarius

Also known as Arabian camel, hygeen, hajeen, mehari, dromedary camel, dromedary

The dromedary (Camelus dromedarius), also known as the dromedary camel, Arabian camel and one-humped camel, is a large camel of the genus Camelus with one hump on its back. It is the tallest of the three camel species; adult males stand at the shoulder, while females are tall. Males typically weigh between , and females weigh between . The dromedary's distinctive features include its long, curved neck, narrow chest, a single hump, and long hairs on the throat, shoulders, and hump. The coat is generally a shade of brown. The hump, tall or more, is made of fat bound together by fibrous tissue.

AI overview

The dromedary (Camelus dromedarius) is a large, one-humped camel native to arid regions, recognized by its long curved neck, single fat-filled hump, and brownish coat. It is the tallest of the three camel species and has been valued historically for transportation and survival in desert environments where it can endure extreme heat and limited water.

AI-generated from the Wikipedia summary — may contain errors.

Species

Camelus dromedarius

SPECIES

KingdomAnimalia
PhylumChordata
ClassMammalia
OrderArtiodactyla
FamilyCamelidae

Observations recorded10,528

單峰駱駝（學名：Camelus dromedarius）是一種大型的偶蹄目動物，產於非洲北部、亞洲西部與南部[1]，亦有部分是來自非洲之角、蘇丹共和國、衣索比亞和索馬利亞。然而，現今的野生駱駝僅有澳大利亞的澳洲野生駱駝及南美洲的美洲駝。[1]。單峰駱駝是駱駝科中最為人所知的成員，而駱駝科中的其他成員有南美洲的骆马属和羊驼属的几种美洲駝。單峰駱駝的背上僅有一個駱峰，跟背上有兩個駱峰的雙峰駱駝有著明顯的不同。有時單峰駱駝亦會被稱為“阿拉伯駱駝”。一些人仍舊認為單峰駱駝的英語「dromedary」只適用於賽跑的駱駝（此名來自希臘語，意為「奔跑」）。在奧克蘭動物園（Oakland Zoo）的網站上有這麼一句話：「『dromedary』只適用於阿拉伯的賽跑駱駝，即軍用駱駝隊中的駱駝。[2][3]」目录 1 馴養 2 歷史 3 解剖學與繁殖 4 價值 5 參考資料 6 外部連結馴養單峰駱駝本是來自亞洲西部及東非，在數千年前已開始在阿拉伯中部或南部被馴養。專家表示，一些人認為單峰駱駝早在公元前4000年已被馴養，而其他大部分人則認為是公元前1400年。現時所知全球約有一千三百萬頭單峰駱駝已被馴養，大多是在西印度到巴基斯坦，再到伊朗至北非一帶。一些單峰駱駝後來傳入澳大利亞，在澳大利亞對駱駝的需求減少後，這些駱駝被放入野外野化，現在單是在澳大利亞的單峰駱駝數量最少也有500,000頭。[4]約於前2千年，單峰駱駝傳入埃及和北非。阿爾及利亞的駱駝商隊據估計，雙峰駱駝約於公元前2500年在亞洲馴養。雙峰駱駝比單峰駱駝更健壯更結實，也更能吃苦耐勞，從伊朗到西藏的地區都能存活下來。[5]雖是這樣，單峰駱駝比雙峰駱駝要更高，也跑得更快：若是有人駕馭的話，可一直維持著時速13至14公里的速度持續18小時，而雙峰駱駝在長時間揹著貨物的情況下行進的速度只為時速4公里，每日可行50公里。但牠们不耐寒，所以在土耳其以雙峰駱駝为主。歷史約於前2千年，單峰駱駝逐漸在撒哈拉沙漠地區居住，但是在前900年左右又再次消失於撒哈拉沙漠。牠們大多是被人類捕獵的。後來埃及入侵波斯時，岡比西斯二世把已經被馴養的單峰駱駝傳入波斯地區。被馴養的單峰駱駝在北非被廣泛使用，而直到後來，羅馬帝國仍然使用駱駝隊帶著戰士到沙漠邊緣巡邏。可是波斯駱駝並不適合用來穿越撒哈拉沙漠；這種穿越大沙漠的長途旅行通常是靠戰車達成的。在第4世紀，更強壯和耐久力更強的雙峰駱駝首度傳入非洲。牠們傳入非洲後，開始有愈來愈多的人使用牠們，因為這種駱駝較適合作穿越大沙漠的長途旅行之用，且可以裝運更多更重的貨物。這時，跨撒哈拉貿易終於得以進行。解剖學與繁殖圖為駱駝的骨骼結構雄性單峰駱駝的上顎較軟，使牠們可以生出一個粉紅色的袋子，這個袋子在阿拉伯文中稱為「doula」。在交配季節期間，這個袋子會吊在雄性單峰駱駝嘴的兩旁，以吸引異性

via GBIF

Museum specimens

Specimen records: 311
With media: 18
Family: Camelidae
Collections: MSB, MVZ, ASNHC, AMNH, ANWC, UNSM
Recorded in: United States, Eritrea, Australia, Egypt, Iraq, Mali, Kuwait

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Encyclopedic overview

27 sections

Contents

Etymology
Taxonomy and classification
Genetics and hybrids
Evolution
Characteristics
Anatomy
{{anchor|Reproductive system}}Reproductive system
Health and diseases
Ecology
Diet
Biology
Adaptations
Reproduction
Range
Current distribution of captive animals
Africa
Asia
Feral population
Relationship with humans
Riding camels
Baggage and draught camels
Dairy products
Meat
Camel hair, wool and hides
See also
References
External links

The dromedary feeds on foliage and desert vegetation; several adaptations, such as the ability to tolerate losing more than 30% of its total water content, allow it to thrive in its desert habitat. Mating occurs annually and peaks in the rainy season; females bear a single calf after a gestation of 15 months. It is mainly active during daylight hours and forms herds of about 20 individuals, which are led by a dominant male.

Excerpted from Wikipedia’s “Camelus dromedarius” article, available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.