chimpanzee
The chimpanzee (; Pan troglodytes), also simply known as the chimp, is an endangered species of great ape native to the forests and savannahs of tropical Africa. It has four confirmed subspecies and a fifth proposed one. When its close relative, the bonobo, was more commonly known as the pygmy chimpanzee, this species was often called the common chimpanzee or the robust chimpanzee. The chimpanzee and the bonobo are the only species in the genus Pan.
AI overview
The chimpanzee is an endangered great ape native to tropical African forests and savannahs, with four confirmed subspecies and one proposed additional subspecies. Chimpanzees matter as one of only two living species in the genus Pan—alongside the bonobo—making them scientifically significant for understanding great ape biology and evolution.
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Species
黑猩猩（学名：Pan troglodytes）是黑猩猩属下的两个物种之一，另一种是倭黑猩猩（Bonobo (Pan paniscus)）。根据黑猩猩基因组计划的研究结果，黑猩猩和倭黑猩猩与人类具有较高的基因相似度，与人类有最近的共同祖先，從演化的角度看是現存生物中與人类最近的姊妹種，黑猩猩跟人類基因組的相似度高達98.8%[2]，大約在600萬年前「分家」。 黑猩猩的生活范围在非洲西部及中部，屬於哺乳綱靈長目，平日成群地生活，每個群體就像一個部落。 英文名Chimpanzee首次使用於1738年，載於《The London Magazine》，義為「mockman」[3] 目录 1 特徵 2 成長 3 習性 4 食性 5 基因 6 人類演化與黑猩猩的關係 6.1 何時分道揚鑣 6.2 最近共同祖先 7 其他 8 參考文獻 9 外部連結 特徵 黑猩猩體多毛，四肢修長且皆可握物，他們能以半直立的方式行走。黑猩猩經常會和大猩猩搞混，但他們兩是不同的，黑猩猩的體型比大猩猩小；而且在遺傳上，黑猩猩與人類較為接近，與大猩猩較為不相似。 黑猩猩的ABO血型以A为主，有少量O型，但没有B型。M血型和N血型也有发现。黑猩猩有48條染色體（24對）。黑猩猩细胞色素c上的氨基酸顺序与人类的相同。母猩猩懷孕期達兩百三十天，一胎生下一子。 成長 母黑猩猩懷孕期為八個月。幼嬰會在大約三歲時斷乳，但仍會與母親親密生活數年。青春期為八到十歲，由人類圈養的黑猩猩，壽命可長達五十歲。 習性 黑猩猩的智商較高，已知他們能使用一些簡單的工具來進行一些工作，如捉白蟻。生物学家多次观察到雌黑猩猩可以制作工具来捕猎丛猴。黑猩猩群落間會爆发战争[來源請求]。死去的敌方黑猩猩可能被吃掉[來源請求]。牠們跟人類一樣有心情，也有享樂、失望、恐懼、沮喪[來源請求]。 珍·古德在她的研究報告對於野外黑猩猩的生活習性多有描述。 食性 有一段長時間，人們都以為黑猩猩是素食動物，其實黑猩猩是雜食性，牠們會利用不同的方法來取不同的食物，黑猩猩會利用舔滿口水的細枝來粘螞蟻，並利用兩塊石器放置、敲開果實。黑猩猩有時會捕食一些猴類（如紅疣猴、黑白疣猴）黑猩猩在捕食猴類時會策劃戰術，由於黑猩猩無法在樹上捕捉靈敏的疣猴，因此有一隻黑猩猩會先從陸地上超過樹上的疣猴群，而其它黑猩猩則會從樹上將牠們聚集並驅趕到埋伏地點，當陸上的黑猩猩到達埋伏地點時會在樹下等候，此時其它的黑猩猩會堵住疣猴群的路只留下一條有埋伏的通道，當疣猴進入這條路時，埋伏的黑猩猩會把牠趕到地上獵殺。 基因 美國佐治亞州立大學教授霍普金斯（William Hopkins）等人2014年7月在《當代生物學》期刊發表報告，稱他們對年齡介於9歲到54歲之間的99隻黑猩猩進行了測試。每隻黑猩猩都要參與13項認知測試，包括使用工具和空間記憶等。結果顯示，這些黑猩猩當中，有超過一半的
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Key facts
- Genome.type
- assembly
- Genome.term
- GCF_028858775.2
- Genome.ploidy
- diploid
- Genome.chromosomes
- 24 pairs
- Genome.size
- 3,323.27 Mb
- Genome.ucsc_assembly
- panTro6
Article
30 sectionsContents
- Etymology
- Taxonomy
- Evolution
- Subspecies and population status
- Genome
- Characteristics
- Ecology
- Diet
- Mortality and health
- Behaviour
- Group structure
- Mating and parenting
- Communication
- Hunting
- Intelligence
- Tool use
- Speech and language
- Human relations
- In culture and entertainment
- As pets
- Use in research
- Field study
- Attacks
- Human immunodeficiency virus
- Conservation
- See also
- Notes
- References
- Literature cited
- External links
The chimpanzee (; Pan troglodytes), also simply known as the chimp, is an endangered species of great ape native to the forests and savannahs of tropical Africa. It has four confirmed subspecies and a fifth proposed one. When its close relative, the bonobo, was more commonly known as the pygmy chimpanzee, this species was often called the common chimpanzee or the robust chimpanzee. The chimpanzee and the bonobo are the only species in the genus Pan.
The chimpanzee is covered in coarse black hair but has a bare face, fingers, toes, palms of the hands, and soles of the feet. It is larger and more robust than the bonobo, weighing for males and for females and standing . Evidence from fossils and DNA sequencing shows that Pan is a sister taxon to the human lineage and is thus humans' closest living relative. The chimpanzee genome contains coding regions for 18,759 proteins which is within ten percent compared to 20,383 proteins for humans.
Gallery (53)
Connections
Categories
ChimpanzeesExtant Pliocene first appearancesFauna listed on CITES Appendix IFauna of Sub-Saharan AfricaIUCN Red List endangered speciesMammals described in 1775National symbols of Sierra LeonePrimates of AfricaSpecies that are or were threatened by deforestationSpecies that are or were threatened by habitat lossTaxa named by Johann Friedrich Blumenbach