Chinese queue and clothing order
Sign in to saveAlso known as tifayifu, queue order in China
Tifayifu () was a forced assimilation policy of the early Qing dynasty as it conquered the preceding Ming dynasty. In 1645, the Tifayifu edict forced Han Chinese men, on pain of death, to adopt the Manchu hairstyle and Manchu clothing.
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Encyclopedic overview
13 sectionsContents
- Cultural significance
- Hairstyle
- Clothing
- Differences between Manchu and Han Chinese clothing
- Manchu's refusal to adopt Chinese clothing
- Symbol of submission
- Women's fashion ban
- Tifayifu exemptions
- Consequences of tifayifu edict
- Executions and progressive adoption of Manchu-style clothing by men
- Resistance and massacres
- See also
- References
Tifayifu () was a forced assimilation policy of the early Qing dynasty as it conquered the preceding Ming dynasty. In 1645, the Tifayifu edict forced Han Chinese men, on pain of death, to adopt the Manchu hairstyle and Manchu clothing.
The edict specifically applied to living adult men who did not fall in the stipulated exceptions. In 1644, on the first day when the Manchu penetrated the Great Wall of China in the Battle of Shanhai Pass, the Manchu rulers ordered the surrendering Han Chinese population to shave the front of their heads and to braid the hair of the back of their heads into a queue; however, this policy was halted just a month later due to intense resistance from the Han Chinese near Beijing. Only after the Manchu captured Nanjing, the southern capital, from the Southern Ming in 1645 was the Tifayifu policy resumed and enforced strictly.
Excerpted from Wikipedia’s “Chinese queue and clothing order” article, available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.