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Cholera is an infection of the small intestine caused by certain strains of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, which can produce severe watery diarrhea, vomiting, and muscle cramps. It matters because the diarrhea can cause life-threatening dehydration and electrolyte imbalance within hours, potentially leading to death if untreated.

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Key facts

Medical condition (new).name: Cholera
Medical condition (new).synonyms: Asiatic cholera, epidemic cholera
Medical condition (new).image: PHIL 1939 lores.jpg
Medical condition (new).caption: A person with severe dehydration due to cholera, causing sunken eyes and wrinkled hands and skin
Medical condition (new).field: Infectious disease
Medical condition (new).symptoms: Large amounts of watery diarrhea, vomiting, muscle cramps
Medical condition (new).complications: Dehydration, electrolyte imbalance
Medical condition (new).onset: 2 hours to 5 days after exposure
Medical condition (new).duration: A few days
Medical condition (new).causes: Vibrio cholerae spread by fecal–oral route
Medical condition (new).risks: Poor sanitation, lack of clean water, poverty
Medical condition (new).diagnosis: Stool test
Medical condition (new).prevention: Improved sanitation, clean water, hand washing, cholera vaccines
Medical condition (new).treatment: Oral rehydration therapy, zinc supplementation, intravenous fluids, antibiotics
Medical condition (new).prognosis: Less than 1% mortality rate with proper treatment, untreated mortality rate 50–60%
Medical condition (new).frequency: 3–5 million people a year
Medical condition (new).deaths: 7074 (2025)

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Wikidata facts

Instance of: infectious disease
Image: Adult cholera patient.jpg

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has cause: Vibrio cholerae
Commons category: Cholera
topic's main category: Category:Cholera
has effect: Seventh cholera pandemic
Commons gallery: Cholera
exact match: www.orpha.net/ORDO/Orphanet_173
minimal incubation period in humans: 12
maximal incubation period in humans: 72
symptoms and signs: muscle cramp
ICD-9-CM: 001.9
described by source: Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition
number of cases: 190549
health specialty: emergency medicine
medical examination: polymerase chain reaction
on focus list of Wikimedia project: Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4
subject named as: Cholera

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