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Coccinellidae

Also known as LadyBirds, Lady-Birds, Lady Birds, Cleopatra, ladybeetle, lady bug, ladybug, ladybird

Coccinellidae () is a widespread family of small beetles. They are commonly known as ladybugs in North America and ladybirds in the United Kingdom; "lady" refers to mother Mary. Entomologists use the names ladybird beetles or lady beetles to avoid confusion with true bugs. The more than 6,000 described species have a global distribution and are found in a variety of habitats. They are oval beetles with a domed back and flat underside. Many of the species have conspicuous aposematic (warning) colours and patterns, such as red with black spots, that warn potential predators that they taste bad.

AI overview

Coccinellidae, commonly known as ladybugs or ladybirds, is a large family of small beetles with over 6,000 species found worldwide in various habitats. These oval-shaped beetles are notable for their distinctive appearance—often featuring bright warning colors like red with black spots—which alerts predators that they taste unpleasant.

AI-generated from the Wikipedia summary — may contain errors.

Species

ladybirds

Coccinellidae

FAMILY

KingdomAnimalia
PhylumArthropoda
ClassInsecta
OrderColeoptera
FamilyCoccinellidae

Observations recorded3,496,253

本条目部分链接不符合格式手冊規範。跨語言链接及章節標題等處的链接可能需要清理。（2015年12月12日）請協助改善此條目。參見WP:LINKSTYLE、WP:MOSIW以了解細節。突出显示跨语言链接可以便于检查。瓢蟲為鞘翅目瓢蟲科（学名：Coccinellidae）圓形突起的甲蟲的通稱，是體色鮮豔的小型昆蟲，常具紅、黑或黃色斑點。別稱為胖小、紅娘、花大姐、金龜、金龜子（但金龜子實際上是指另一種甲蟲），甚至因為某些種其分泌物帶有臭味而俗稱為臭龜子（但這也是混稱）。英文名ladybirds（又稱ladybug）裡的「lady」一般被認為是暗指在天主教信仰中的聖母瑪利亞。全世界有超過5,000種以上的瓢蟲，其中450種以上棲息於北美洲。瓢蟲的成蟲體長約數mm至1cm程度，體型呈半圓球狀，腳與觸角短小。體色有黑、赤、橙、黃、褐色等豔麗的色彩，身體上的圖樣也會因為種類的不同而多變。目录 1 概要 2 生物生命週期 3 主要種類 3.1 肉食 3.2 菌食 3.3 草食 4 關連項目 5 圖片 6 参考資料 7 外部連結概要瓢蟲是典型的半翅目天敵，肉食性瓢蟲以蚜蟲、介殼蟲為食。屬於草食性的食植瓢蟲亞科（Epilachninae）則是極具破壞力的農業害蟲，例如墨西哥豆瓢蟲（Epilachna varivestis）。然而瓢蟲經常被利用作為生物防治劑，引進瓢蟲物種能夠驅趕並取代既有的瓢蟲。某些瓢蟲遭受到強烈物理刺激時，會呈現假死狀態，並且從關節處和刺處分泌出黃色的粘性刺激性體液。瓢蟲的體液具有強烈的異臭與苦味，藉此可以迴避外來敵人的攻擊[3]。瓢蟲鮮豔的體色可以說是警告外敵用的警戒色。因此鳥之類的生物少有捕捉瓢蟲，但仍然有寄生蜂、寄生蠅、菌類等天敵存在。此外螳螂會捕食馬鈴薯瓢蟲的幼蟲。依種類不同則食性迥異，主要可以區分為捕食蚜蟲、介殼蟲之類的肉食性，以白粉病菌等維生的菌食性，以茄科植物等維生的草食性共3種類。因此對農作物而言可以類分為益蟲與害蟲。近年來肉食性種類在農作物的有機栽培時，被利用為取代農藥而使用的生物農藥[4]。生物生命週期瓢蟲的幼蟲（照片中央葉子前緣附近）瓢蟲為甲蟲類生物，會經歷卵 - 幼蟲 - 蛹 - 成蟲四階段的完全變態。成蟲於交配後，會攀附在食物近處進行產卵。孵化後的幼蟲不具翅膀，腹部向後方延伸。身體上有突起與刺，和成蟲型態迥異。甲蟲類之中有幼蟲與成蟲食性不同的情形，而瓢蟲多為幼蟲與成蟲取食相同的食物。此外肉食性的瓢蟲當食物不足時，會出現同類相食其他幼蟲或蛹的情形。成長到一定程度後的幼蟲在植物的葉背等處結蛹。蛹呈橢圓形，翅膀短小，不過此時已經接近成蟲的型態。腹部會附著於枝幹處以避免掉落地面。剛破蛹而出的成蟲翅膀為黃色，但隨著翅膀硬化，會呈現出特徵的圖樣。在春天至秋天可以常見到瓢蟲的成蟲。大部分的瓢蟲以成蟲的型態度過

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Wikidata facts

Image: Ladybug side.jpg

Show 5 more facts

Unicode character: 🐞
taxon name: Coccinellidae
Commons category: Coccinellidae
taxon common name: polonice
exact match: wordnet-rdf.princeton.edu/wn30/02165456-n

Sources (7)

via Wikidata · CC0

~24 min read

Article

18 sections

Contents

Etymology
Description
Evolution
Fossil history
Phylogeny
Biology and ecology
Flight
Life cycle
Trophic roles
Defense
Distribution and status
Relationship to humans
Biological control
As pests
In culture
References
Sources
External links

Most coccinellid species are carnivorous predators, preying on insects such as aphids and scale insects. Other species are known to consume non-animal matter, including plants and fungi. They are promiscuous breeders, reproducing in spring and summer in temperate regions and during the wet season in tropical regions. Many predatory species lay their eggs near colonies of prey, providing their larvae with a food source. Like most insects, they develop from larva to pupa to adult. Temperate species hibernate and diapause during the winter; tropical species are dormant during the dry season. Coccinellids migrate between dormancy and breeding sites.