楔形文字

Also known as Sumero-Akkadia cuneiform, cuneiform script, cuneiform writing, arrow-headed characters, Xsux

世界上最古老的文字，由苏美尔人发明

AI overview

Cuneiform is the earliest known writing system, developed in ancient Mesopotamia to record the Sumerian language, and it features distinctive wedge-shaped marks that give it its name. This writing system remained in active use for thousands of years, from the early Bronze Age until the 1st century BC, and was adapted to write several different languages across the ancient Near East.

AI-generated from the Wikipedia summary — may contain errors.

Key facts

Writing system.type: Logographic
Writing system.typedesc: and syllabary
Writing system.languages: Sumerian, Akkadian, Eblaite, Elamite, Hittite, Hurrian, Luwian, Urartian, Palaic, Old Aramaic, Ugaritic
Writing system.direction: left-to-right
Writing system.region: Sumer
Writing system.fam1: Proto-cuneiform (Proto-writing)
Writing system.children: None; influenced the shape of Ugaritic and
Writing system.iso15924: Xsux
Writing system.sample: Xerxes_Cuneiform_Van.JPG
Writing system.caption: A trilingual cuneiform inscription of Xerxes I at Van Fortress in Turkey, an Achaemenid royal inscription written in Old Persian, Elamite and Babylonian forms of cuneiform

via Wikipedia infobox

Wikidata facts

Instance of: unicase alphabet
Named after: nail
Location: Near East
Image: Cuneiform evolution from archaic script.jpg

Show 11 more facts

language of work or name: Akkadian
Commons category: Cuneiform
topic's main category: Category:Cuneiform
inception: 3000-00-00
discoverer or inventor: Sumerians
end time: 0050-00-00
name: Cuneiform
Unicode range: U+12480-1254F
P8168: Against the Wall
on focus list of Wikimedia project: Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4
P13411: February 15

Sources (7)

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Article · 中文

楔形文字（英文：Cuneiform）是源於底格里斯河和幼發拉底河流域（两河文明时期）的古老文字，約公元前3200年左右由蘇美爾人（Sumerians）發明，是世界上最早的文字之一。在其約3000年的歷史中，楔形文字由最初的象形文字系統，字形結構逐漸簡化和抽象化，文字數目由青銅時代（Bronze Age）早期的約1000個，減至青銅時代後期約400個。已被发现的楔形文字多写于泥板上，少数写于石头、金属或蜡板上。书吏使用削尖的芦苇杆或木棒在软泥板上刻写，软泥板经过晒或烤后变得坚硬，不易变形。楔形文字被許多古代文明用來書寫其語言，但這些語言之間並不一定屬於相同關聯的語系，例如西臺人和波斯帝國同樣採用楔形文字，但這兩個語言是與蘇美語無關的印歐語系。另外阿卡德人雖然也採用楔形文字做為書寫工具，但阿卡德語和蘇美語差異相當多。由於多在泥板上刻畫，所以線條筆直形同楔形，使用蘆葦桿或木棒來壓印在泥板上來方便書寫，因此文字筆畫大都為具三角形的線條，而字形也隨著文明演變，逐渐由多變的象形文字统一固定為音節符號。英語的cuneiform源於拉丁语，是cuneus（楔子）和forma（形状）两个单词构成的复合词，而阿拉伯人则称之为“الخط المسماري‎”（al-khaṭṭ al-mismārī，意思是“钉头文字”）。

Abstract from DBpedia / Wikipedia · CC BY-SA