diamond

thumb|upright=1.25|Main diamond producing countries

OverviewAI-generated

Diamond is a mineral with the chemical formula C. It has a Mohs' hardness of 10 and a density of 3.515. The refractive index is 2.384. Mechanical properties include a shear modulus of 478 and a tensile modulus of elasticity of 1050. The standard molar entropy is 2.377.

Classification systems assign the Nickel-Strunz 9th edition code "1.CB.10a" and the 10th edition review code "1.CB.10a". The Strunz 8th edition series ID is "I/B.02b". The MCN code is "7104.20.10". The IMA Mineral Symbol is "Dia". The Unicode character is "💎".

The subject is referenced by 2,453 other encyclopedia articles. A PubMed query for diamond yields a count of 42939. Commons categories and galleries include "Diamonds" and "Diamond".

Synthesized by Vinony from 19 facts across 3 sources: Wikidata, PubMed, Vinony graph. Generated from structured data (not the Wikipedia text) and checked against those facts — may still contain errors.

Key facts

Mineral.name: Diamond
Mineral.category: Native minerals
Mineral.image: Rough Diamond.jpg
Mineral.imagesize: 260px
Mineral.alt: An irregular shaped brownish diamond
Mineral.caption: A rough diamond
Mineral.formula: C
Mineral.IMAsymbol: Dia
Mineral.strunz: 1.CB.10a
Mineral.dana: 1.3.6.1
Mineral.color: Typically yellow, brown, or gray to colorless. Less often blue, green, black, translucent white, pink, violet, orange, purple, and red.
Mineral.habit: Octahedral
Mineral.system: Cubic
Mineral.class: Hexoctahedral (mm) H-M symbol: (4/m 2/m)
Mineral.symmetry: Fdm (No. 227)
Mineral.twinning: Spinel law common (yielding "macle")
Mineral.cleavage: 111 (perfect in four directions)
Mineral.fracture: Irregular/Uneven

via Wikipedia infobox

Research

42,939 papers

Diamond in the Rough: Toward Improved Materials for the Bone-Implant Interface.ReviewAdvanced healthcare materials · 2021Fong JSL, Booth MA, Rifai A et al.DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100007
Ultrathin Diamond Nanofilms-Development, Challenges, and Applications.ReviewSmall (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2021Handschuh-Wang S, Wang T, Tang YDOI: 10.1002/smll.202007529
Diamond rotors.Journal of magnetic resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997) · 2023Golota NC, Fredin ZP, Banks DP et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2023.107475
Diamond nanostructures for drug delivery, bioimaging, and biosensing.ReviewChemical Society reviews · 2017Chen X, Zhang WDOI: 10.1039/c6cs00109b
A review of diamond dosimeters in advanced radiotherapy techniques.ReviewMedical physics · 2024Angelou C, Patallo IS, Doherty D et al.DOI: 10.1002/mp.17370
Diamond based adsorbents and their application in chromatography.ReviewJournal of chromatography. A · 2014Peristyy AA, Fedyanina ON, Paull B et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.06.044
The Gemstone Cyborg: How Diamond Films Are Creating New Platforms for Cell Regeneration and Biointerfacing.ReviewMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Santos NE, Mendes JC, Braga SSDOI: 10.3390/molecules28041626
Diamond particles in toothpastes: in-vitro effect on the abrasive enamel wear.BMC oral health · 2022Hamza B, Abdulahad A, Attin T et al.DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02274-3

via PubMed

~66 min read

Encyclopedic overview

45 sections

Contents

Etymology, earliest use and composition discovery
Properties
Thermodynamics
Crystal structure
Crystal habit
Mechanical
Hardness
Toughness
Yield strength
[[Elasticity (physics)|Elasticity]] and [[tensile strength]]
Electrical conductivity
Surface property
Chemical stability
Color
Clarity
Fluorescence
Thermal conductivity
Geology
Surface distribution
Exploration
Ages
Origin in mantle
Carbon sources
Formation and growth
Transport to the surface
Double diamonds
In space
Industry
Gem-grade diamonds
Cutting
Marketing
Industrial-grade diamonds
Mining
Political issues
Synthetics, simulants, and enhancements
Synthetics
Simulants
Enhancements
Identification
See also
Notes
Citations
General and cited references
Further reading
External links

thumb|upright=1.25|Main diamond producing countries

Diamond is a solid form of the element carbon with its atoms arranged in a crystal structure called diamond cubic. Diamond is a tasteless, odorless, strong, brittle solid, a poor conductor of electricity, colorless in pure form, and insoluble in water. Another solid form of carbon known as graphite is the chemically stable form of carbon at room temperature and pressure, but diamond is metastable and converts to it at a negligible rate under those conditions. Diamond has the highest hardness and thermal conductivity of any natural material, properties that are used in major industrial applications such as cutting and polishing tools.

Excerpted from Wikipedia’s “diamond” article, available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.