ประเทศเอสโตเนีย

Eat

thumbnail|300px|right|Typical Baltic dark bread at a farmer's market Estonian food draws heavily from German, Russian and Nordic cuisine: traditional dishes are heavy meat-cabbage-and-potatoes fare, with lashings of dairy and fish.

The closest thing to a national dish is verivorst pig's blood sausage, similar to English black pudding and Finnish mustamakkara, a common winter dish particularly popular around Christmas. It's always accompanied by lingonberry jam and often served with mulgikapsad, which is basically sauerkraut stew.

Many types of food are similar to Russian dishes and have their equivalents almost exclusively in the former USSR, such as hapukoor, (lit. "sour cream", smetana in Russian), a sour 20%-fat milk dressing for salads, especially kartulisalat potato salad.

As Estonia used to be a food mass-production powerhouse in the times of the USSR, some of its foods, unknown to Westerners, are still well-recognized in the former Soviet Union. This is also true the other way around; in Estonian grocery stores products from countries of the former Soviet Union like Georgian mineral water are widely available.

Among other everyday food, some game products are offered in food stores in Estonia, mostly wild boar, elk sausages and deer. Some restaurants also offer bear meat.

For those with a sweet tooth, the national chocolate manufacturer is Kalev, with many specialist stores around the country as well as supermarkets retailing the product. The more adventurous may…

Drink

thumbnail|300px|right|Windmills are a symbol of Saaremaa, and they're also depicted on Saaremaa Vodka bottles Tap water is drinkable everywhere except where it says it isn’t.

Estonians know their alcohol. Favorite tipples include the local beer Saku, or A. Le Coq, the local vodka brands Viru Valge (Vironian White) and Saaremaa Vodka and the surprisingly smooth and tasty rum-like herbal liquor Vana Tallinn (Old Tallinn), famous in the countries of former USSR. Public drinking is illegal.

Kali is the Estonian equivalent of the Russian kvass, a very mildly alcoholic (~1%) drink made from fermented brown bread. Many locals also swear by keefir, a yogurt-like fermented milk drink similar to buttermilk.

Sleep

The number of hotels has exploded from a few to tens and hundreds after the reestablishment of Estonian independence. In 2004, Tallinn achieved first place among the Baltic Sea cities in the number of overnight stays in hotels, though still behind Stockholm and Helsinki in the number of total overnight stays.

As Soviet collective farms were disbanded, many farmers switched to running "turismitalud" or tourism farms, which are inexpensive and indispensable places for spending holidays in the nature, usually in a former farm house. Estonian Rural Tourism provides information on the tourism farms in Estonia. Hostels are another popular option for budget-sensitive travellers; see the website of the Estonian Youth Hostel Association.

Often accommodations give a discount if you book with them directly (e.g. phone) instead of using one of the monopolistic online middle men. This is due to the reason that most accommodations in Estonia can be booked without credit card anyhow. So, there is no real guarantee that someone does turn up. Just that via phone owners are at least not stuck with an online fee without receiving the room rent.

Camping is allowed virtually anywhere, except on private property. Some tourists have even camped in the city parks of Tartu because locals told them so. Otherwise, if you do not have a tent, some national parks (like Lahemaa) have observation towers with roof and space for up to 10 people at night.

Stay safe

Estonia has managed to avoid much of the crime and insecurity that has plagued many former Soviet Republics following the collapse of the USSR, and today it is among the safest European countries. Criminal activities are distributed unevenly across the territory with almost no crime in the island areas, modest petty crime in urban areas, and a considerable rate of drug dealing in the predominantly Russian-speaking industrial area of North-East.

In Tallinn, petty crime is a problem and there are some incidents involving tourists, mainly pickpocketing (especially in the markets). However, nowadays Tallinn's Old City and other main tourist attractions are closely watched by local police and private security companies.

Many Estonians are careless, reckless drivers. The number of deaths in traffic related accidents per 100,000 people are similar to South-European countries like Portugal or Italy. Estonia has strict drink-driving laws with a policy of zero tolerance, but accidents involving intoxicated drivers are nevertheless a major problem. Estonian traffic laws requires headlights to be used at all times while driving and use of seat belts by all passengers is mandatory.

Estonian law requires pedestrians to wear small reflectors, which people generally pin to their coats or handbags. Although this law is rarely enforced in cities, reflectors are very important in rural areas where it may be difficult for motorists to see pedestrians, especially in winter months. Violators of…

Stay healthy

thumb|250px|Sosnowsky's Hogweed For an Estonian, it is considered mauvais ton not to criticize the Estonian healthcare system. EU studies have shown, however, that Estonia occupies a healthy 4th place in the block by the basic public health service indicators, on the same level as Sweden. Around 1998-2000, the Estonian healthcare system was remodelled from the obsolete USSR model, directed to coping with disastrous consequences of large-scale war and made more up-to-date by the experts from Sweden. Estonia has harmonized its rules on travellers' health insurance with EU requirements. Information about health care in Estonia is provided by the government agency Eesti Haigekassa.

For fast aid or rescue, dial 112.

Estonia had Europe's second highest rate of adult HIV/AIDS infections, over 1.3% or 1 in 77 adults (2013), 28 adults per year 2019 . Generally, the rate is much higher in Russian-speaking regions like Narva or Sillamäe. Don't make the situation worse by not protecting yourself and others.

Ticks spread diseases like viral encephalitis and Lyme disease, which can be transmitted to humans, their season usually starts in April and lasts till October.

Beware of poisonous plants like Sosnowsky's Hogweed and Giant Hogweed. Wear protective clothes and goggles. If burned, clean your skin with water and soap and protect it from the sun for at least 48 hours.

Tap water is usually drinkable, though some people prefer bottled water.

Respect

Estonians can be mistaken as somewhat unwelcoming at first. This is just a matter of culture; Estonians generally do not open up to people they don't know that well. As in most places around the former USSR, smiling is traditionally reserved for friends; smile at a stranger and they will either think you're making fun of them and/or there's something wrong with their clothes or hairdo. Furthermore, an automatic Western smile is often regarded as insincere.

Estonians tend to keep their physical distance. If there is a "long time - no see" situation, then a hug may be suitable. Standing too close to someone can make someone feel uncomfortable.

A decent, quiet conversation is the Estonian way of doing business; a loud conversation is not. Don't be surprised if an Estonian takes time to formulate a response to whatever you've said; Estonians prefer to think before they act and they expect you to do the same.

Be genuine and authentic; accountability and responsibility are pillars of Estonian culture. Don't say "next time" if you know there isn't going to be a "next time".

Estonians tend to value their privacy and personal space, and they may not be as forthcoming or interested in discussing personal matters with strangers or acquaintances. This can sometimes be perceived as cold or distant, but it is simply a reflection of the cultural emphasis on privacy and personal boundaries.

Like Lithuania and Latvia, Estonians are usually very proud of their nation and their countr…