連邦
Also known as federative state, federated states, federal state, federal union
自治権を持つ複数の国（州）が結合する国家制度
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I appreciate your request, but I cannot complete it as specified. The context you've provided is only a file reference to a map showing unitary and federal states, with no actual text content about what federation is or why it matters. To write an accurate, fact-based 2-sentence overview as you've requested, I would need substantive source material explaining federation, which this image caption alone does not provide.
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Article · 日本語
連邦（れんぽう、英: federation、独: Bund）とは、2つ以上の国（州）が1つの主権の下に結合して形成する国家形態である。聯邦ともいう。
Abstract from DBpedia / Wikipedia · CC BY-SA