graphite

Key facts

Mineral.name

Graphite

Mineral.category

Native mineral

Mineral.image

Graphite-233436.jpg

Mineral.imagesize

170px

Mineral.caption

Graphite specimen

Mineral.formula

C

Mineral.IMAsymbol

Gr

Mineral.strunz

1.CB.05a

Mineral.system

Hexagonal or Rhombohedral

Mineral.class

Dihexagonal dipyramidal (6/mmm) Hermann–Mauguin notation: (6/m 2/m 2/m)

Mineral.symmetry

P63mc (buckled) P63/mmc (flat)

Mineral.unit cell

a = 2.461, c = 6.708 [Å]; Z = 4

Mineral.color

Iron-black to steel-gray; deep blue in transmitted light

Mineral.habit

Tabular, six-sided foliated masses, granular to compacted masses

Mineral.twinning

Present

Mineral.cleavage

Basal – perfect on {0001}

Mineral.fracture

Flaky, otherwise rough when not on cleavage

Mineral.tenacity

Flexible non-elastic, sectile

via Wikipedia infobox

• Graphite Carbon Nitride and Its Composites for Medicine and Health Applications.ReviewChemistry, an Asian journal · 2021Zhang JR, Kan YS, Gu LL et al.DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100499
• Molecular patterns of oligopeptide hydrocarbons on graphite.Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces · 2021Barinov NA, Tolstova AP, Bersenev EA et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111921
• Valorization of Industrial Waste Graphite Fines into Graphene Oxide-Based Nanohybrids.ChemPlusChem · 2025Subrati M, Lyra KM, Spyrou K et al.DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202400692
• Studying disorder in graphite-based systems by Raman spectroscopy.ReviewPhysical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP · 2007Pimenta MA, Dresselhaus G, Dresselhaus MS et al.DOI: 10.1039/b613962k
• Recent Advances in Preparation, Structure, Properties and Applications of Graphite Oxide.ReviewJournal of nanoscience and nanotechnology · 2015Srivastava SK, Pionteck JDOI: 10.1166/jnn.2015.10047
• Life cycle assessment of synthetic graphite: inventories and impact assessment.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2025Mayanti BDOI: 10.1007/s11356-025-37288-1
• Voronoi-Tessellated Graphite Produced by Low-Temperature Catalytic Graphitization from Renewable Resources.ChemSusChem · 2017Zhao L, Zhao X, Burke LT et al.DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201701211
• Sustainable conversion of biomass to rationally designed lithium-ion battery graphite.Scientific reports · 2022Banek NA, McKenzie KR Jr, Abele DT et al.DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11853-x

via PubMed