Hemiscyllium

Hemiscyllium is a genus of sharks in the family Hemiscylliidae.

== Overview == Hemiscyllium sharks of the family Hemiscylliidae are also known as walking sharks and Epaulette sharks. These small, nocturnal, benthic dwelling swimmers have evolved to be able to 'walk', or use their fins to propel themselves over rocks, into pools, or into small crevices in their habitats. Research from the School of Biomedical Sciences at the University of Queensland in Australia has determined that this genus most recently split from the genus Chiloscyllium around 44 million years ago. This genus is confined to tropical waters off Australia, Papua New Guinea, and Indonesia, but an individual from this genus, possibly representing an undescribed species, has been photographed in the Seychelles. They have short snouts with nostrils placed almost at the tip, well-elevated eyes, and supraorbital ridges. The mouth is closer to the tip of the snout than the eyes and lacks the connecting dermal fold across the chin. The pectoral and pelvic fins are thick and heavily muscular. Either a black hood on the head or a large black spot on the sides of the body is present, though juveniles often are strongly marked with dark spots/bars. This shark family can survive around two hours out of water without any internal damage, can tolerate high levels of CO2, and are hypoxia and anoxia tolerant.