Herpes labialis

Herpes simplex virus that primarily affects the lip

Key facts

Other names: fever blister, herpes labialis, oral herpes, orolabial herpes
Specialty: Infectious disease
Symptoms: Burning pain followed by small blisters or sores
Complications: Herpes encephalitis , herpetic whitlow
Usual onset: < 20 years old
Duration: Heals within 10 days
Causes: Typically herpes simplex virus type 1 (direct contact)
Diagnostic method: Usually based on symptoms
Differential diagnosis: Herpangina , aphthous stomatitis , impetigo , mononucleosis , acne
Prevention: Avoiding exposure, antiviral medication
Treatment: Zinc oxide , anesthetic , or antiviral cream, antivirals by mouth
Prognosis

Article

A cold sore is a type of herpes infection caused by the herpes simplex virus that affects primarily the lip. Symptoms typically include a burning pain followed by small blisters or sores. The first attack may also be accompanied by fever, sore throat, and enlarged lymph nodes. The rash usually heals within ten days, but the virus remains dormant in the trigeminal ganglion. The virus may periodically reactivate to create another outbreak of sores in the mouth or lip.

The cause is usually herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and occasionally herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). The infection is typically spread between people by direct non-sexual contact. Attacks can be triggered by sunlight, fever, psychological stress, or a menstrual period. Direct contact with the genitals can result in genital herpes. Diagnosis is usually based on symptoms but can be confirmed with specific testing.