Hugo Münsterberg

Hugo Münsterberg was a male psychologist, university teacher, philosopher, and writer who held citizenship in the Kingdom of Prussia and the United States. He was educated at Leipzig University and Heidelberg University, studying under doctoral advisors Wilhelm Wundt and Rudolf Leuckart. His professional career included positions at Harvard University and the University of Freiburg, with work locations in Leipzig, Heidelberg, and Freiburg im Breisgau. He was a member of the American Psychological Association and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Münsterberg wrote in English and German, producing notable works such as *Beiträge zur experimentellen Psychologie*, *Social studies of today*, *On the witness stand*, *The eternal life*, and *My friends, the spiritualists*. He had doctoral students including Morris Raphael Cohen, Edwin Holt, and Robert Yerkes. He was born in Gdańsk and died in Cambridge from a myocardial infarction, which was classified as natural causes. His writings and life have been described in sources including the *Nordisk familjebok*, the *Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron*, the *Encyclopædia Britannica* 11th edition, and the *New International Encyclopedia*.