hypertropia

Hypertropia is a condition of misalignment of the eyes (strabismus), whereby the visual axis of one eye is higher than the fellow fixating eye. Hypotropia is the similar condition, focus being on the eye with the visual axis lower than the fellow fixating eye. Dissociated vertical deviation is a special type of hypertropia leading to slow upward drift of one or rarely both eyes, usually when the patient is inattentive.

==Presentation== ===Associated defects === Refractive errors such as hyperopia and anisometropia may be associated abnormalities found in patients with vertical strabismus. The vertical miscoordination between the two eyes may lead to strabismic amblyopia due to cerebral suppression of the deviating eye, particularly when onset occurs well before adolescence, while neural pathways are still highly plastic impaired depth perception, especially in the same instances diplopia or double vision, particularly when onset occurs after childhood, when corresponding neural pathways have been so fixed as to prevent the brain from suppressing the deviant image cosmetic defect, most noticed by parents of a child so affected and in photographs face turn, depending on presence of binocular vision in a particular gaze cyclotropia, a cyclotorsional deviation of the eyes (rotation around the visual axis), particularly when the root cause is an oblique muscle paresis causing the hypertropia