hypospadias
thumb Hypospadias is a common malformation in fetal development of the penis in which the urethra does not open from its usual location on the head of the penis. It is the second-most common birth defect of the male reproductive system, affecting about one of every 250 males at birth, although when including milder cases, is found in up to 4% of newborn males. Roughly 90% of cases are the less serious distal hypospadias, in which the urethral opening (the meatus) is on or near the head of the penis (glans). The remainder have proximal hypospadias, in which the meatus is all the way back on the
Key facts
- Medical condition (new).name
- Hypospadias
- Medical condition (new).image
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- Medical condition (new).caption
- Different types of hypospadias
- Medical condition (new).field
- Urology, medical genetics
via Wikipedia infobox
Research
9,164 papers- Hypospadias.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2004
- Hypospadias.Pediatrics in review · 1989
- Hypospadias.Current opinion in urology · 2012
- [Hypospadias].Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai zasshi. The japanese journal of urology · 1990
- Adult Hypospadias Outcomes for the Pediatric Urologist.
Article
17 sectionsContents
- Presentation
- Complications
- Cause
- Genes and prenatal hormones
- Epigenetic inheritance hypothesis
- Treatment
- Age at surgery
- Preoperative hormones
- Surgery
- Outcomes
- Epidemiology
- Adults
- Society and culture
- See also
- References
- Further reading
- External links
thumb Hypospadias is a common malformation in fetal development of the penis in which the urethra does not open from its usual location on the head of the penis. It is the second-most common birth defect of the male reproductive system, affecting about one of every 250 males at birth, although when including milder cases, is found in up to 4% of newborn males. Roughly 90% of cases are the less serious distal hypospadias, in which the urethral opening (the meatus) is on or near the head of the penis (glans). The remainder have proximal hypospadias, in which the meatus is all the way back on the shaft of the penis, near or within the scrotum. Shiny tissue or anything that typically forms the urethra instead extends from the meatus to the tip of the glans; this tissue is called the urethral plate.
In most cases, the foreskin is less developed and does not wrap completely around the penis, leaving the underside of the glans uncovered. Also, a downward bending of the penis, commonly referred to as chordee, may occur. Chordee is found in 10% of distal hypospadias and 50% of proximal hypospadias cases at the time of surgery. Also, the scrotum may be higher than usual on either side of the penis (called penoscrotal transposition).