جليد

Key facts

Material.name

Ice

Material.image

Ice Block, Canal Park, Duluth (32752478892).jpg

Material.alt

A picture of ice

Material.caption

An ice block

Material.density

0.9167–0.9168 g/cm3

Material.refractive_index

1.309

Material.youngs_modulus

3400 to 37,500 kg-force/cm2

Material.tensile_strength

5 to 18 kg-force/cm2

Material.compressive_strength

24 to 60 kg-force/cm2

Material.thermal_conductivity

0.0053(1 + 0.0015 θ) cal/(cm s K), θ = temperature in °C

Material.specific_heat

0.5057 − 0.001863 θ cal/(g K), θ = absolute value of temperature in °C

Material.dielectric_constant

~95

Material.footnotes

The properties of ice vary substantially with temperature, purity and other factors.

via Wikipedia infobox

• [Ice Swimming].ReviewPraxis · 2023Weiss K, Nikolaidis PT, Knechtle BDOI: 10.1024/1661-8157/a004052
• Microbial ice-binding structures: A review of their applications.ReviewInternational journal of biological macromolecules · 2024Uko MP, Umana SI, Iwatt IJ et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133670
• Control of ice crystal nucleation and growth during the food freezing process.ReviewComprehensive reviews in food science and food safety · 2022Jia G, Chen Y, Sun A et al.DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12950
• Ice-Binding Proteins and Their Function.ReviewAnnual review of biochemistry · 2016Bar Dolev M, Braslavsky I, Davies PLDOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-060815-014546
• Control strategies of ice nucleation, growth, and recrystallization for cryopreservation.ReviewActa biomaterialia · 2023Lin M, Cao H, Li JDOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.10.056
• Supercooling-Promoting (Anti-ice Nucleation) Substances.ReviewAdvances in experimental medicine and biology · 2018Fujikawa S, Kuwabara C, Kasuga J et al.DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-1244-1_16
• Coexisting with Ice Crystals: Cryogenic Preservation of Muscle Food─Mechanisms, Challenges, and Cutting-Edge Strategies.ReviewJournal of agricultural and food chemistry · 2023Xie Y, Zhou K, Tan L et al.DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06155
• Divergent Mechanisms of Ice Growth Inhibition by Antifreeze Proteins.ReviewMethods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Drori R, Stevens CADOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3503-2_12

via PubMed

Wikidata facts

Subclass of

water

Followed by

liquid water

Material used

water

Image

Eiskristalle in der Eishöhle.JPG

via Wikidata · CC0