Ice is water that is frozen into a solid state, typically forming at or below temperatures of 0 °C, 32 °F, or 273.15 K. It occurs naturally on Earth, on other planets, in Oort cloud objects, and as interstellar ice. As a naturally occurring crystalline inorganic solid with an ordered structure, ice is considered to be a mineral. Depending on the presence of impurities such as particles of soil or bubbles of air, it can appear transparent or a more or less opaque bluish-white color.
AI overview
Ice is water that has frozen into a solid state, typically at temperatures of 0°C (32°F) or below, and it occurs naturally throughout Earth, other planets, and space. It matters because it's a common mineral that can vary in appearance depending on its purity, ranging from transparent to opaque bluish-white.
AI-generated from the Wikipedia summary — may contain errors.
Key facts
- Material.name
- Ice
- Material.image
- Ice Block, Canal Park, Duluth (32752478892).jpg
- Material.alt
- A picture of ice
- Material.caption
- An ice block
- Material.density
- 0.9167–0.9168 g/cm3
- Material.refractive_index
- 1.309
- Material.youngs_modulus
- 3400 to 37,500 kg-force/cm2
- Material.tensile_strength
- 5 to 18 kg-force/cm2
- Material.compressive_strength
- 24 to 60 kg-force/cm2
- Material.thermal_conductivity
- 0.0053(1 + 0.0015 θ) cal/(cm s K), θ = temperature in °C
- Material.specific_heat
- 0.5057 − 0.001863 θ cal/(g K), θ = absolute value of temperature in °C
- Material.dielectric_constant
Article
32 sectionsContents
- Physical properties
- {{anchor|Phases}}Phases
- Friction properties
- Natural formation
- In the oceans
- On land
- On rivers and streams
- On lakes<span class="anchor" id="Ice on lakes"></span>
- As precipitation
- Snow and freezing rain
- Hard forms
- On surfaces
- Ablation
- Role in human activities
- Cooling
- Harvesting
- Artificial production
- Land travel
- Water-borne travel
- Air travel
- Recreation and sports
- Other uses
- As thermal ballast
- As structural material
- Impacts of climate change
- Historical
- Predictions
- Non-water
- See also
- References
- Further reading
- External links
Ice is water that is frozen into a solid state, typically forming at or below temperatures of 0 °C, 32 °F, or 273.15 K. It occurs naturally on Earth, on other planets, in Oort cloud objects, and as interstellar ice. As a naturally occurring crystalline inorganic solid with an ordered structure, ice is considered to be a mineral. Depending on the presence of impurities such as particles of soil or bubbles of air, it can appear transparent or a more or less opaque bluish-white color.
Virtually all of the ice on Earth is of a hexagonal crystalline structure denoted as ice Ih (spoken as "ice one h"). Depending on temperature and pressure, at least nineteen phases (packing geometries) can exist. The most common phase transition to ice Ih occurs when liquid water is cooled below (, ) at standard atmospheric pressure. When water is cooled rapidly (quenching), up to three types of amorphous ice can form. Interstellar ice is overwhelmingly low-density amorphous ice (LDA), which likely makes LDA ice the most abundant type in the universe. When cooled slowly, correlated proton tunneling occurs below (, ) giving rise to macroscopic quantum phenomena.