impedance
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Impedance is a measure of how much an electrical circuit resists the flow of alternating electric current, calculated by dividing the voltage by the current at any given moment. It matters because understanding impedance helps engineers design circuits that work properly together and predict how electrical systems will behave.
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Article
In electrical engineering, impedance is the opposition to alternating current presented by the combined effect of resistance and reactance in a circuit.
Quantitatively, the impedance of a two-terminal circuit element is the ratio of the complex representation of the sinusoidal voltage between its terminals, to the complex representation of the current flowing through it. In general, it depends upon the frequency of the sinusoidal voltage.