introversion and extraversion
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Introversion and extraversion are personality traits that describe how people tend to direct their energy and attention—introverts typically feel more energized by quiet reflection and smaller social settings, while extraverts tend to seek out stimulation through social interaction and external activities. Understanding where someone falls on this spectrum matters because it can help explain their communication preferences, how they recharge, and what kinds of environments help them perform best.
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Behavioral and psychological characteristics distinguishing introversion and extraversion, which are generally conceived as lying along a continuum
Extraversion and introversion are a central trait dimension in human personality theory. The terms were introduced into psychology by Carl Jung, though both the popular understanding and current psychological usage are not the same as Jung's original concept. Extraversion (also spelled extroversion) is typically associated with sociability, talkativeness, and high energy, while introversion is linked to introspection, reserve, and a preference for solitary activities. Jung defined introversion as an "attitude-type characterised by orientation in life through subjective psychic contents", and extraversion as "an attitude-type characterised by concentration of interest on the external object". In psychology, these are viewed as personality traits that can be measured in degrees, rather than placing people into fixed categories.