Also known as Persia, Islamic Republic of Iran, ir, Islamic Rep. Iran, IRI
país de Asia
Iran is a large West Asian country with over 92 million people, located between the Caspian Sea and the Persian Gulf and bordering countries including Iraq, Turkey, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. It is one of the world's largest countries by both area and population, divided into 31 provinces across five regions, with Tehran as its capital and main economic hub.
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Dual citizens of Iran and a second country may only enter Iran on their Iranian passport, as the country does not normally recognize dual citizenships.
Your bags probably will not be searched for salacious material, but if any is found, it will be confiscated and will complicate your arrival. Don't try to bring in any magazines or books that might offend strict Islamic sensibilities or criticise the government.
Iranian transport is of high quality, and is very affordable. There are few places the very cheap buses don't travel to, the train network is limited but comfortable and reasonably priced and travel by air is not expensive. The ticket prices are always fixed and you don't have benefits of early bookings.
However, train stations and bus terminals are often located on the outskirts of their cities. As an extreme example, Shiraz Station is located farther away from the city center than Shiraz International Airport. Since city transport is notably underdeveloped, the cost of an intercity trip could mostly consist of taxi fares.
Meal times in Iran vary considerably from those in Europe and the US. Lunch can be served from 12:00-15:00. and dinner is often eaten after 20:00. These and other social occasions in Iran are often long, drawn-out affairs conducted in a relatively relaxed tempo, often involving pastries, fruit and possibly nuts. As it is considered rude to refuse what is served, visitors should accept the items offered, even if they do not intend to consume them.
As in most Muslim-majority countries, pork and pig meat products are illegal, though shops serving the Christian community are allowed to sell pork.
The good news for travellers is that Iranian cuisine is superb. A wide range of influences from Central Asia, the Caucasus, Russia, Europe and the Middle East have created a diverse, relatively healthy range of dishes that focus on fresh produce and aromatic herbs. The bad news, however, is that Iranians prefer to eat at home, rather than in restaurants, so decent eateries are scarce and stick to a repetitive selection of dishes (mainly kebabs). An invitation to an Iranian home for dinner will be a definite highlight of your stay. When visiting an Iranian household for the first time or on a special occasion it is customary for Iranians to bring a small gift. Flowers, sweets or pastries are popular gift choices.
Irán (en persa, ایران, romanizado: Irān), oficialmente República Islámica de Irán (en persa, جمهوری اسلامی ایران, romanizado: Ŷomhurí-ye Eslāmí-ye Irān) es un país de Oriente Próximo y Asia Occidental. Es una república constitucional basada en los principios del islam chií. Limita con Irak y Turquía al oeste, con Azerbaiyán y Armenia al noroeste, con el Mar Caspio y Turkmenistán al norte, con Afganistán y Pakistán al este, y con el Golfo de Omán y el Golfo Pérsico al sur. Desde el I milenio a. C. hasta 1935 fue conocido en Occidente como Persia, aunque hoy en día este nombre sigue siendo válido y aceptado junto con el de Irán. Limita con Pakistán y Afganistán por el norte, Turkmenistán por el sureste, el mar Caspio por el norte, Azerbaiyán y Armenia por el noroeste, Turquía e Irak (Región de Kurdistán) por el oeste y, finalmente, con la costa del golfo Pérsico y el golfo de Omán por el sur. Es el decimoctavo país más extenso del mundo con 1 648 195 km². Irán tiene una población de casi 100 millones de personas de diversas etnias. Es un país con una importancia muy significativa en la geopolítica al encontrarse entre Oriente Próximo, Asia Central y Asia del Sur. La capital es Teherán, centro político, industrial, comercial y cultural del país. Irán es una gran potencia regional a la que sus grandes reservas de hidrocarburos (cuartas reservas de petróleo y primeras de gas a nivel mundial) confieren una situación de superpotencia energética en potencia y le reportan desde hace décadas una sustancial renta petrolera. La diversidad étnica de la sociedad iraní, compuesta por persas, que es el grupo étnico principal, azeríes, kurdos, luros, turcomanos y balochis entre otros, forma parte intrínseca de su cultura y ha proporcionado un atractivo especial a este amplio territorio. Los árabes son una pequeña minoría en Irán (alrededor del 1%). Irán, junto a Irak, es el hogar de las civilizaciones más antiguas. Las primeras dinastías conocidas en el oeste de Irán son las de Elam, desde 2800 a. C. Los medos formaron el primer imperio que abarcó el «Gran Irán» en 625 a. C. Estos fueron sucedidos por el Imperio aqueménida, helenizado por los seléucidas tras la conquista por Alejandro Magno y recentrado después en referencias autóctonas por los sucesivos imperios de los partos arsácidas y los sasánidas. Los musulmanes la conquistan en el 651 d. C., con el resultado de la difusión de la lengua persa por toda la meseta iraní y de distintos aspectos de la cultura iraní a lo largo del mundo islámico. En 1501, el surgimiento de la dinastía Safaví produjo la sustitución del islam suní, hasta entonces mayoritario, por el chiismo duodecimano como religión oficial del reino, además de una intensa persecución de la mayor parte de cofradías sufíes desarrolladas tras la invasión mongola del siglo XII. Bajo el gobierno de Nader Shah, iniciado en 1736, Irán alcanzó su mayor extensión territorial desde la época sasánida. Durante el siglo xix, Irán perdió grandes cantidades de territorio en la Guerra ruso-persa (1804-1813) al Imperio ruso en el Cáucaso. A principios del siglo xx, la Revolución Constitucional de 1906 estableció la primera asamblea legislativa del país (y del continente asiático), sometiendo el poder monárquico a una constitución. En 1953, el primer ministro Mosaddeq —que había nacionalizado el petróleo dos años antes—, fue derrocado por un golpe de Estado, orquestado por Reino Unido y Estados Unidos, lo que permitió al Sha Reza Pahlevi tener un mayor poder sobre el gobierno nacional. La monarquía llegó a su fin en 1979, mediante una revolución popular que derivó en una revolución islámica, al terminar siendo liderada por chiitas, dirigidos por Jomeini, lo que dio lugar al establecimiento de una república islámica el 1 de abril de 1979. En 2015 se firmó el Plan de Acción Conjunto y Completo con los P5+1 sobre el programa nuclear de Irán. Irán es miembro fundador de Naciones Unidas, Movimiento de Países No Alineados, Organización para la Cooperación Islámica y OPEP. El sistema político de Irán está basado en la Constitución de la República Islámica de 1979, que regula las relaciones entre los distintos órganos de gobierno. La máxima autoridad estatal es el Líder Supremo de Irán, aunque la dirección cotidiana de la administración corre a cargo del presidente. La religión y la lengua oficiales del país son, respectivamente, el islam chií duodecimano y el persa.
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thumbnail|right|Black Tea (chāi) is the national drink of Iran. Black Tea (chāi, چای) is the national drink of Iran. It is served strong and with crystallised or cubed sugar (ghand, قند) which is held artfully between the teeth while tea is sipped through. You can try asking for milk in your tea, but expect nothing but strange looks or a long delay in return. Tea houses (chāi khāneh, چای خانه) are a favourite local haunt for men (and less commonly families) to drink tea and puff away on a water pipe.
Coffee (ghahveh, قهوه) has become popular among millennials and these days and can be found in every city. It is served Turkish style, French coffee or espresso. Imported instant coffee (nescāfe, نسكافه) and instant Cappuccino are available also. Coffee shops (called "coffeeshop" in Persian, versus "ghaveh-khane" (literally, coffee house) which instead means a tea house) are more popular in affluent and young areas.
Herbal waters (araghiat, عرقیات) are widely found in traditional form as well as packaged in bottle. Herbal waters have been traditionally used in different parts of Iran and some places are famous for herbal waters like Shiraz and Kashan.
Fruit juices (āb miveh, آب ميوه) are available from shops and street vendors. Also available are cherry cordial (sharbat ālbāloo, شربت آلبالو) and banana milkshakes (shir moz, شير موز).
Soft drinks are widely available. International products such as Coca-Cola and Pepsi, and their brand names including 7Up, Sprite and Fanta have…
thumbnail|right| A modern-day Hotel in [[Tehran.]] Accommodations in Iran range from luxurious, if a little weary, five star hotels (هتل) in major cities to the small, cheap mosāferkhaneh (مسافرخانه) and mehmānpazir (مهماﻧپذیر) guesthouses that are littered about most centres. Moreover, staff in mosāferkhuneh often are so happy to provide room for non-Iranians, as these facilities have a recommendation from local governments to serve all tourists. For longer stays, villas with all facilities (including central air conditioning, pool and Internet connection) can be rented in Tehran and all other major cities at reasonable prices.
A man and woman cannot share the same hotel room unless they can prove their relationship (as a married couple or siblings). Foreign tourists are usually excepted from this law.
Also, you can find traditional hotels in central Iran including Isfahan, Shiraz and in particular Yazd.
See also The Persian Caravanserai, a composed of a few dozen historic inns in various parts of Iran.
Iran is still a relatively low-crime country, although thefts and muggings occur. Keep your wits about you, and take the usual precautions against pickpockets in crowded bazaars and buses.
Although its strict Islamic moral code is well known, Iranian laws are not as strict as those of Saudi Arabia. Respecting the dozens of unspoken rules and regulations of Iranian life can be a daunting prospect for travellers, but don't be intimidated. As a foreigner you will be given leeway and it doesn't take long to acclimatise yourself.
thumbnail|Pharmacies (drug stores) are called "daru-khaneh" in Persian. They sell prescription and non-prescription drugs. Iran has state-of-the-art medical facilities in all its major cities. However, due to U.S. sanctions, there is a severe shortage of medical supplies, and you may need to be evacuated to another country in order to get satisfactory treatment for more serious cases; ensure that your travel insurance covers this.
Apart from being up to date with your usual travel vaccinations (tetanus, polio, etc.) no special preparation is needed for travel to Iran. For minor ailments, your hotel can contact an English-speaking doctor. In case of serious illness or accident, you can ask to be taken to a hospital with English-speaking staff (such as Milad Hospital, Atiyeh Hospital, Mehrad Hospital, Day Hospital or Khatam ol-Anbia Hospital in Tehran). Make sure that your travel insurance is appropriate.
Tap water is safe to drink in most of the country (and especially the cities), although you may find the chalkiness and taste off-putting in some areas (mainly Qom, Yazd, Hormozgan and Boushehr provinces). Bottled mineral water (āb ma'dani) is widely available. Also, on many streets and sites, public water fridges are installed to provide drinking water.
While you may have heard a lot of negative stories about Iran in the media, Iranians are warm, friendly and generous individuals with a strong interest in foreigners and other cultures.
Iranian culture, like most other Islamic cultures, has a strong tradition of hospitality. Guests are often treated extremely well. On the other hand, there is some insularity; any foreigner may be regarded with suspicion.
In Persian for Mr, Ms they say “Aghaye [name], Khanoome [name]” and out of respect they use plural verbs and pronouns. They often greet by raising hand to shake or/and give a hug which is a common Middle Eastern tradition. And they will tell you: Kheili Khosh Amadid. (Welcome! for greeting.) But if you are a man, do not attempt to shake hands with a woman unless she voluntarily raises her hand. When you greet someone sitting, they will stand up.
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