Also known as Persia, Islamic Republic of Iran, ir, Islamic Rep. Iran, IRI
país asiático do Médio Oriente
Iran is a large West Asian country with over 92 million people, located between the Caspian Sea and the Persian Gulf and bordering countries including Iraq, Turkey, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. It is one of the world's largest countries by both area and population, divided into 31 provinces across five regions, with Tehran as its capital and main economic hub.
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Dual citizens of Iran and a second country may only enter Iran on their Iranian passport, as the country does not normally recognize dual citizenships.
Your bags probably will not be searched for salacious material, but if any is found, it will be confiscated and will complicate your arrival. Don't try to bring in any magazines or books that might offend strict Islamic sensibilities or criticise the government.
Iranian transport is of high quality, and is very affordable. There are few places the very cheap buses don't travel to, the train network is limited but comfortable and reasonably priced and travel by air is not expensive. The ticket prices are always fixed and you don't have benefits of early bookings.
However, train stations and bus terminals are often located on the outskirts of their cities. As an extreme example, Shiraz Station is located farther away from the city center than Shiraz International Airport. Since city transport is notably underdeveloped, the cost of an intercity trip could mostly consist of taxi fares.
Meal times in Iran vary considerably from those in Europe and the US. Lunch can be served from 12:00-15:00. and dinner is often eaten after 20:00. These and other social occasions in Iran are often long, drawn-out affairs conducted in a relatively relaxed tempo, often involving pastries, fruit and possibly nuts. As it is considered rude to refuse what is served, visitors should accept the items offered, even if they do not intend to consume them.
As in most Muslim-majority countries, pork and pig meat products are illegal, though shops serving the Christian community are allowed to sell pork.
The good news for travellers is that Iranian cuisine is superb. A wide range of influences from Central Asia, the Caucasus, Russia, Europe and the Middle East have created a diverse, relatively healthy range of dishes that focus on fresh produce and aromatic herbs. The bad news, however, is that Iranians prefer to eat at home, rather than in restaurants, so decent eateries are scarce and stick to a repetitive selection of dishes (mainly kebabs). An invitation to an Iranian home for dinner will be a definite highlight of your stay. When visiting an Iranian household for the first time or on a special occasion it is customary for Iranians to bring a small gift. Flowers, sweets or pastries are popular gift choices.
Irã (português brasileiro) ou Irão (português europeu) (em farsi: ايران, transcr.: Iran, pronunciado: [ʔiːˈɾɑn]), oficialmente República Islâmica do Irã/Irão e anteriormente conhecido como Pérsia, é um país localizado na Ásia Ocidental. Tem fronteiras a norte com Arménia, Azerbaijão e Turquemenistão e com o Cazaquistão e a Rússia através do Mar Cáspio; a leste com Afeganistão e Paquistão; ao sul com o Golfo Pérsico e o Golfo de Omã; a oeste com o Iraque; e a noroeste com a Turquia. Composto por uma área de 1 648 195 quilômetros quadrados, é a segunda maior nação do Oriente Médio e a 18.ª maior do mundo. Com mais de 77 milhões de habitantes, o Irã é o 17.º país mais populoso do mundo. O país é o lar de uma das civilizações mais antigas do mundo, que começa com a formação do reino de Elam em 2 800 a.C. Os povos iranianos medos unificaram o país no primeiro de muitos impérios que se iriam seguir em 625 a.C., após a nação se tornar no principal poder cultural e político dominante na região. O Irã atingiu o auge de seu poder durante o Império Aquemênida, fundado por Ciro, o Grande em 550 a.C. e que, na sua maior extensão, compunha grandes porções do mundo antigo, que se estendiam do vale do Indo, no leste, à Trácia e Macedônia, na fronteira nordeste da Grécia, tornando-se num dos maiores impérios que o mundo já vira. Os aquemênidas entraram em colapso em 330 a.C. após as conquistas de Alexandre, o Grande, mas o país alcançou uma nova era de prosperidade após o estabelecimento do Império Sassânida em 224 d.C., sob o qual o Irã se tornou uma das principais potências da Europa Oriental e da Ásia Central nos quatro séculos seguintes. Em 633, árabes muçulmanos invadiram o Irã e conquistaram-no por volta de 651. Posteriormente, o Irã desempenhou um papel vital durante a subsequente Idade de Ouro Islâmica, produzindo diversos cientistas, acadêmicos, artistas e pensadores influentes. O surgimento em 1501 do Império Safávida promoveu o xiismo duodecimano islâmico como a religião oficial e marcou um dos divisores de águas mais importantes da história iraniana e muçulmana. A Revolução Constitucional Persa de 1906 estabeleceu o primeiro parlamento da nação, que operava dentro do sistema político de monarquia constitucional. Após um golpe de Estado apoiado por Reino Unido e Estados Unidos em 1953, o Irã tornou-se gradualmente autocrático. A crescente oposição contra a influência estrangeira e a repressão política culminou com a Revolução Iraniana, que acabou por criar uma república islâmica em 1.º de abril de 1979. Um país geograficamente diverso, mas principalmente montanhoso, o Irã sempre teve uma importância geopolítica significativa devido à sua localização, no cruzamento entre o Sul, o Centro e o Ocidente da Ásia. Teerão é a sua capital e a maior cidade, servindo como o centro cultural, financeiro e industrial da nação. O Irã é uma potência média e regional e exerce uma grande influência na segurança energética internacional e na economia mundial através das suas grandes reservas de combustíveis fósseis, que incluem a maior oferta de gás natural no mundo e a quarta maior reserva comprovada de petróleo. O Irã é um dos membros fundadores da Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU), do Movimento Não Alinhado, da Organização da Conferência Islâmica (OCI) e da Organização dos Países Exportadores de Petróleo (OPEP). Seu sistema político único, baseado na constituição de 1979, combina elementos de uma democracia parlamentar com os de uma teocracia religiosa dirigida por clérigos nacionais, na qual a mais alta autoridade governamental é o Líder Supremo. Apesar de ser uma nação multicultural que inclui vários grupos étnicos e linguísticos, o islamismo xiita e o persa são os únicos classificados como a religião e o idioma oficiais do país, respectivamente.
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thumbnail|right|Black Tea (chāi) is the national drink of Iran. Black Tea (chāi, چای) is the national drink of Iran. It is served strong and with crystallised or cubed sugar (ghand, قند) which is held artfully between the teeth while tea is sipped through. You can try asking for milk in your tea, but expect nothing but strange looks or a long delay in return. Tea houses (chāi khāneh, چای خانه) are a favourite local haunt for men (and less commonly families) to drink tea and puff away on a water pipe.
Coffee (ghahveh, قهوه) has become popular among millennials and these days and can be found in every city. It is served Turkish style, French coffee or espresso. Imported instant coffee (nescāfe, نسكافه) and instant Cappuccino are available also. Coffee shops (called "coffeeshop" in Persian, versus "ghaveh-khane" (literally, coffee house) which instead means a tea house) are more popular in affluent and young areas.
Herbal waters (araghiat, عرقیات) are widely found in traditional form as well as packaged in bottle. Herbal waters have been traditionally used in different parts of Iran and some places are famous for herbal waters like Shiraz and Kashan.
Fruit juices (āb miveh, آب ميوه) are available from shops and street vendors. Also available are cherry cordial (sharbat ālbāloo, شربت آلبالو) and banana milkshakes (shir moz, شير موز).
Soft drinks are widely available. International products such as Coca-Cola and Pepsi, and their brand names including 7Up, Sprite and Fanta have…
thumbnail|right| A modern-day Hotel in [[Tehran.]] Accommodations in Iran range from luxurious, if a little weary, five star hotels (هتل) in major cities to the small, cheap mosāferkhaneh (مسافرخانه) and mehmānpazir (مهماﻧپذیر) guesthouses that are littered about most centres. Moreover, staff in mosāferkhuneh often are so happy to provide room for non-Iranians, as these facilities have a recommendation from local governments to serve all tourists. For longer stays, villas with all facilities (including central air conditioning, pool and Internet connection) can be rented in Tehran and all other major cities at reasonable prices.
A man and woman cannot share the same hotel room unless they can prove their relationship (as a married couple or siblings). Foreign tourists are usually excepted from this law.
Also, you can find traditional hotels in central Iran including Isfahan, Shiraz and in particular Yazd.
See also The Persian Caravanserai, a composed of a few dozen historic inns in various parts of Iran.
Iran is still a relatively low-crime country, although thefts and muggings occur. Keep your wits about you, and take the usual precautions against pickpockets in crowded bazaars and buses.
Although its strict Islamic moral code is well known, Iranian laws are not as strict as those of Saudi Arabia. Respecting the dozens of unspoken rules and regulations of Iranian life can be a daunting prospect for travellers, but don't be intimidated. As a foreigner you will be given leeway and it doesn't take long to acclimatise yourself.
thumbnail|Pharmacies (drug stores) are called "daru-khaneh" in Persian. They sell prescription and non-prescription drugs. Iran has state-of-the-art medical facilities in all its major cities. However, due to U.S. sanctions, there is a severe shortage of medical supplies, and you may need to be evacuated to another country in order to get satisfactory treatment for more serious cases; ensure that your travel insurance covers this.
Apart from being up to date with your usual travel vaccinations (tetanus, polio, etc.) no special preparation is needed for travel to Iran. For minor ailments, your hotel can contact an English-speaking doctor. In case of serious illness or accident, you can ask to be taken to a hospital with English-speaking staff (such as Milad Hospital, Atiyeh Hospital, Mehrad Hospital, Day Hospital or Khatam ol-Anbia Hospital in Tehran). Make sure that your travel insurance is appropriate.
Tap water is safe to drink in most of the country (and especially the cities), although you may find the chalkiness and taste off-putting in some areas (mainly Qom, Yazd, Hormozgan and Boushehr provinces). Bottled mineral water (āb ma'dani) is widely available. Also, on many streets and sites, public water fridges are installed to provide drinking water.
While you may have heard a lot of negative stories about Iran in the media, Iranians are warm, friendly and generous individuals with a strong interest in foreigners and other cultures.
Iranian culture, like most other Islamic cultures, has a strong tradition of hospitality. Guests are often treated extremely well. On the other hand, there is some insularity; any foreigner may be regarded with suspicion.
In Persian for Mr, Ms they say “Aghaye [name], Khanoome [name]” and out of respect they use plural verbs and pronouns. They often greet by raising hand to shake or/and give a hug which is a common Middle Eastern tradition. And they will tell you: Kheili Khosh Amadid. (Welcome! for greeting.) But if you are a man, do not attempt to shake hands with a woman unless she voluntarily raises her hand. When you greet someone sitting, they will stand up.
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