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The Iraq War was an armed conflict that began in 2003 when the United States and allied forces invaded Iraq, overthrew the government of Saddam Hussein, and then faced years of insurgent opposition before officially withdrawing in 2011. It matters because it was a prolonged conflict that shaped Middle Eastern geopolitics, resulted in significant casualties and costs, and led to ongoing regional instability, including the later rise of the Islamic State group that drew the U.S. back into military involvement in 2014.

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