John Bardeen
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John Bardeen was an American physicist and engineer who lived from 1908 to 1991 and made significant contributions to understanding how electricity and magnetism work in materials. His work was important enough that he became one of the most recognized scientists of his era.
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John Bardeen (May 23, 1908 – January 30, 1991) was an American physicist. He is the only person to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics twice: first in 1956 with William Shockley and Walter Brattain for their invention of the transistor; and again in 1972 with Leon Cooper and John Robert Schrieffer for their microscopic theory of superconductivity, known as the BCS theory.
Born and raised in Wisconsin, Bardeen earned both his bachelor's and master's degrees in electrical engineering from the University of Wisconsin, before receiving a Ph.D. in physics from Princeton University. After serving in World War II, he was a researcher at Bell Labs and a professor at the University of Illinois.
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1908 births1991 deaths20th-century American engineers20th-century American inventors20th-century American physicistsAmerican agnosticsAmerican electrical engineersAmerican fellows of the Royal SocietyAmerican Nobel laureatesAmerican quantum physicistsEngineers from WisconsinFellows of the American Physical Society