John Forbes Nash
American mathematician and economist (1928–2015)
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John Forbes Nash was an American mathematician and economist who made groundbreaking contributions to game theory, most famously developing what became known as the Nash equilibrium—a key concept for understanding strategic interactions in economics, business, and social situations. His work fundamentally changed how economists and other researchers analyze competition and cooperation, earning him a share of the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1994.
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John Forbes Nash Jr. (June 13, 1928 – May 23, 2015), known and published as John Nash, was an American mathematician who made fundamental contributions to game theory, real algebraic geometry, differential geometry, and partial differential equations. Nash and fellow game theorists John Harsanyi and Reinhard Selten were awarded the 1994 Nobel Prize in Economics. In 2015, Louis Nirenberg and he were awarded the Abel Prize for their contributions to the field of partial differential equations.
As a graduate student in the Princeton University Department of Mathematics, Nash introduced a number of concepts (including the Nash equilibrium and the Nash bargaining solution), which are now considered central to game theory and its applications in various sciences. In the 1950s, Nash discovered and proved the Nash embedding theorems by solving a system of nonlinear partial differential equations arising in Riemannian geometry. This work, also introducing a preliminary form of the Nash–Moser theorem, was later recognized by the American Mathematical Society with the Leroy P. Steele Prize for Seminal Contribution to Research. Ennio De Giorgi and Nash found, with separate methods, a body of results paving the way for a systematic understanding of elliptic and parabolic partial differential equations. Their De Giorgi–Nash theorem on the smoothness of solutions of such equations resolved Hilbert's nineteenth problem on regularity in the calculus of variations, which had been a well-known open problem for almost 60 years.
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1928 births2015 deaths20th-century American statisticiansAbel Prize laureatesAcademics from Bluefield, West VirginiaAmerican AtheistsAmerican game theoristsAmerican Nobel laureatesAmerican scientists with disabilitiesCarnegie Mellon University alumniDifferential geometersFellows of the American Mathematical Society